Download Chapter 18 - RaduegePsychology

Friday, January 15

Chapter 18 Test
– -Be able to diagnose a disorder described in a
case study
– --Be able to describe categories of abnormal
behavior
Thursday, January 14
 Discuss
Schizophrenia
 View Video clip
– List symptoms of schizophrenia
 Ch.
18 Test: Friday, January 14
 Learning
Target: Discuss major
categories of abnormal behavior
Wednesday, January 13
Return Chapter 18 Vocabulary Grid
 Discuss Mood Disorders
 Homework: Read Depression Article
(Reading the article is MANDATORY
Answering the questions is OPTIONAL,)
 Chapter 18 Test: Friday, January 15

Learning Target: Discuss major
categories of abnormal behavior
Tuesday, January 12
 Collect
Ch. 18 Vocabulary
 Complete Discussion of Anxiety Disorders
 Discuss Dissociative Disorders
 Discuss Somatoform Disorders
 Fill in Graphic Organizer
Learning Target: Discuss major categories
of abnormal behavior
Monday, January 11
 Complete
Discussion of Definitions of
Abnormality
 Formative Assessment: Ticket to move
on
 Begin Discussion of Anxiety Disorders
 Homework: Ch. 18 Vocabulary
Assignment (due Tuesday, Jan. 12)
Learning Target: Distinguish the
common characteristics of abnormal
behavior
Friday, January 8
Hand back Ch. 14 Tests
 How normal is this?
 Discuss Definitions of Abnormality
 Homework: Ch. 18 Vocabulary Assignment
(Due: Tuesday, January 12)

Learning Target: Distinguish the
common characteristics of abnormal
behavior
Thursday, June 4
Ch.
18 Test
 Learning
Target:
–Discuss major categories of
abnormal behavior
–Distinguish the common
characteristics of abnormal
behavior
Wednesday, June 3
 Practice
Case Studies
 Review for Ch. 18 Test
 Learning Target:
–Discuss major categories of
abnormal behavior
–Distinguish the common
characteristics of abnormal behavior
Tuesday, June 2
Complete Discussion of Schizophrenia
 Watch Video Clip
 Do Case Studies
 Collect Ch. 18 Graphic Organizer
 Homework: Read “What We’re Learning
About Schizophrenia” (MANDATORY)
 Ch. 18 Test: Thursday, June 3
 Learning Target: Discuss major categories
of abnormal behavior

Friday, May 29
 Discuss
Mood Disorders
 Discuss Schizophrenia
 Fill in Graphic Organizer and hand it in
 Homework: Read Depression Article
(Reading the article is MANDATORY
Answering the questions is OPTIONAL,)
 Learning Target: Discuss major
categories of abnormal behavior
Chapter 18
Psychological
Disorders
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Symptoms
of Psychological Disorders
–Deviation from a norm
–Maladaptive
–Emotional Discomfort
Why do you think
the U.S. has such a
high prevalence of
mental disorders?
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Deviation
from a statistically
calculated norm:
abnormal
abnormal
normal
If a person behaves
in a way that a
majority of people do (approximately
68%) then the behavior is normal. If not,
the behavior is abnormal
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Shortcomings
of this definition
–It doesn’t discriminate between
desirable and undesirable
abnormality
–Just because a statistical majority
of people engage in a particular
behavior does not mean that
society would like to encourage it
as being normal
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Deviation
norm
from a social/cultural
– A cultural norm is what society deems
as being acceptable. There are norms
that cover all types of behaviors.
 When do we notice norms?
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Shortcomings
of this definition
–There are different norms for
different cultures, and different age
groups. Additionally, norms change
over time.
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Maladaptivity
If a behavior interferes with a
person’s ability to function it is
considered to be abnormal. If a
person is still able to function
adequately in everyday life, then it is
not abnormal.
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Emotional
Discomfort
If a person’s behavior causes him/her
distress then the behavior is
considered to be abnormal
1) What are Psychological Disorders
 Shortcomings
of this definition
– Some behavior are so abhorrent that
despite someone’s comfort level if it is
not normal behavior
Neurosis
 Mild
personality disorder, usually does
not impair one’s ability to function in
society.
 Symptoms:
– Depression
– Anxiety
– Self-defeating patterns of behavior
Psychosis
Serious personality disorder, usually
incapacitating preventing one from
functioning in society.
 Symptoms
– Loss of contact with reality
– Hallucinations
– Delusions

2) Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety: Freud called anxiety a “free
floating fear” meaning that it is not
attached to any particular object or event.
Anxiety is a general feeling of doom and
dread
2) Anxiety Disorders

Phobic Disorder: Phobic disorders are
marked by a persistent, irrational fear of a
specific object or situation.
– What’s the difference between a phobia
and a fear?
2) Anxiety Disorders
Common Phobias and the Feared Objects
Acrophobia:
High Places
Agoraphobia:
Open Places
Astraphobia:
Thunderstorms
Claustrophobia:
Enclosed Places
2) Anxiety Disorders
Common Phobias and the Feared Objects
Hematophobia:
Blood
Mysophobia:
Contamination
Pyrophobia:
Fire
Xenophobia:
Foreigners/Strangers
Hippophobia:
Horses
2) Anxiety Disorders
 Generalized
Anxiety Disorder:
A person with General Anxiety
Disorder (GAD) is continually tense,
apprehensive, and in a state of
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
arousal. This anxiety is persistent
and many escalate into a panic attack
Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. F
10.T
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
T
F
T
T
F
T
T
F
T
F
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
T
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
T
F
T
T
T
T
T
F
T
T
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
I wish I could tell you exactly what’s the matter. Sometimes I
feel like something terrible has just happened when actually
nothing has happened. Other times, I expect the sky to fall down
any minute. Most of the time I can’t point my finger at something
specific. Still, I feel tense and jumpy. The fact is that I am tense
and jumpy almost all the time. Sometimes my heart beats so
fast, I’m sure it’s a heart attack.
Little things can set it off. The other day I thought a
supermarket clerk had overcharged me a few cents on an item.
She showed me that I was wrong, but that didn’t end it. I
worried the rest of the day. I kept going over the incident in my
mind feeling terribly embarrassed at having raised the possibility
that the clerk had committed an error. The tension was so great,
I wasn’t sure I’d be able to go to work in the afternoon. That sort
of thing is painful to live with.
2) Anxiety Disorders
 Obsessive-Compulsive
(OCD)
Disorder
– Obsessions:
are unwanted thoughts, ideas or mental
images that occur over and over again
– Compulsions:
are repetitive, ritual behaviors, often
involving cleaning or checking.
2) Anxiety Disorders
 Obsession-Compulsive
Disorder
OCD is more common with people
with above average intelligence. The
onset for males (mode) is younger
(between 6 & 15) than for females
(between 20 & 29)
The patient was a 49 -year -old -man whose main
symptom was an obsession with the number 13. If he
heard the word he felt a “shock” and experienced a
subsequent period of acute anxiety. His everyday life was
a continuous effort to avoid any reference to 13, so much
that his activities were seriously handicapped. In some
way or another, it seems as if everyone was always saying
13 to him. If they met him in the morning they would
say, “Oh good morning,” or later in the day it would be
“Good afternoon” (13 letters in each). He stayed in bed
on the thirteenth day of each month, skipped the
thirteenth tread in a stairway, and found it necessary to
count letters and phrases, his steps, and streets, to avoid
the number 13.
3) Dissociative Disorders
 Dissociation:
The process of separating a portion of
the personality that is causing undue
emotional stress from the rest of the
normally functioning personality. (The
individual may view parts of their
activity as separate from him/herself)
3) Dissociative Disorders
 Types
of Dissociative Disorders
– Dissociative Amnesia
– Dissociative Fugue
– Dissociative Identity Disorder
3) Dissociative Disorders
 Dissociative
Amnesia
The failure to recall events or personal
information
I
forgot
3) Dissociative Disorders
Psychogenic Amnesia vs. Organic Amnesia
1. Loss of memory for both recent
and distant past
2. Lose identity but general
knowledge remains intact
3. Have no anterograde amnesia
(memory loss for events after
amnesia starts)
4. Amnesia often reverses itself very
abruptly
1. Loss of memory for the
recent past but memory
for distant past is
essentially intact
2. Lose both personal identity
as well as general knowledge
3. Primary symptom is
anterograde
4. Memory returns gradually for
retrograde amnesia,
anterograde hardly ever
returns
3) Dissociative Disorders
 Dissociative
Fugue:
Dissociative Fugue =
Amnesia + flight from the geographic
location
3) Dissociative Disorders
 Dissociative
Identity Disorder
This is rare disorder that is characterized
by the development of two or more
separate and independent personalities
within the same person
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aBPk46ZmV0&feature=related
4). Somatoform Disorder
 Somatization:
Refers to the
expression of psychological distress
through physical symptoms
 Types of Somatoform Disorders
– Conversion Disorder
– Hypochondriasis
4). Somatoform Disorder
 Conversion
Disorder:
A person with conversion disorder
experiences a change or a loss of
physical functioning in a major part of
the body for which there is no
medical explanation
People with this disorder are
strangely indifferent to their problems
4). Somatoform Disorder
 Hypochondriasis:
A person misinterprets normal physical
sensations as symptoms of a disease.
5) Mood Disorders

Types of Mood Disorders
–Major Depression
–Bipolar Disorder
(Formerly known as Manic Depression)
5) Mood Disorders
 Major
Depression:
This is often referred to as the common
cold of psychological disorders.
Why do you think that is?
5) Mood Disorders
 Major
Depression
This is a mood disorder in which a person,
for no apparent reason, experiences two or
more weeks of depressed moods, feeling of
worthlessness and diminished interest or
pleasure in most activities. The person may
become deeply discouraged about
everything. Depressed people often feel that
they are helpless. They feel there is nothing
they can do to change things
5) Mood Disorders

Symptoms of Depression:
– Persistent depressed mood for most of the day
– Loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all,
activities
– Significant weight loss or gain
– Sleep changes
– Fatigue or loss of energy, boredom
– Feelings of worthlessness or unfounded guilt
5) Mood Disorders

Symptoms of Depression: (continued)
– Reduced ability to concentrate
– Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
– Physical complaints
– Loss of friends
– Tearfulness
– Poor grade, truancy, disciplinary problems
– Social behavior changes
5) Mood Disorders

Bipolar Disorder
(formerly known as manic depressive disorder)
The person alternate between the
hopelessness and lethargy of depression
and the hyperactive, wildly optimistic,
impulsive phase of mania (excited and
overly active periods)
Bipolar Disorder is less common than
major depression
5) Mood Disorders
 Mania
During the manic phase the person may
sing, shout, talk
continuously, move
around rapidly.
He has little need for
sleep.
5) Mood Disorders

Mania
He is easily irritated if crossed. The
person may show few sexual inhibitions.
His speech may be flighty. It is difficult to
interrupt him. He has grandiose
optimism.
Bipolar disorder may lead to reckless
spending and investment sprees.
5) Mood Disorders
Then they go through a normal phase
Then they go
through a
depressive phase.
(The depressive
phase usually
lasts longer than
the manic phase)
6). Schizophrenia
 The
term schizophrenia means
literally “split mind”
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
– Break of contact with reality
– Hallucinations: inappropriate
feelings that come to us from one
of our senses
What’s the difference between a
hallucination and an optical illusion?
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Hallucinations:
– Auditory Hallucinations:
hearing things that are not there
– Visual Hallucinations:
seeing things that aren’t there
6). Schizophrenia
 Types of Hallucinations:
– Tactile Hallucinations:
feeling things that aren’t there
– Olfactory Hallucinations:
smelling things that aren’t there
– Gustatory Hallucinations:
tasting things that aren’t there
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
– Delusions: false but persistent beliefs
despite evidence to the contrary
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Delusions:
– Delusions of Grandeur:
thinking you are someone
of great importance
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Delusions:
– Delusions of Reference:
thinking that you are the center of
attention, that people are looking at, or
talking about you
– Delusions of Depersonalization:
thinking you are turning into an
inanimate or vegetative object
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Delusions:
– Delusions of Persecution:
thinking that people are out to get you
or harm you
– Delusions of Guilt:
thinking that you have just committed a
terrible wrong
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
–Disturbances in thoughts and
speech
 Echolalia:
Repeating words said in their
presence over and over and over
again
6). Schizophrenia

Symptoms of Schizophrenia
– Disturbances in thoughts and speech
 Neologisms:
(literally “new words”). At times, a
schizophrenic’s speech includes the rare
appearance of words and phrases not found in
even the most comprehensive dictionary.
Neologisms (new words) are sometimes formed
by combining parts of two or more regular
words. Neologisms may also involve the use of
common words in a new way
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
–Disturbances in thoughts and
speech
 Word Salad:
Combining words and phrases in what appears
to be a completely disorganized fashion.
Unlike neologisms, word salad suggests no
effort to communicate. In word salad,
nothing is related to anything else.
6). Schizophrenia

Example of word salad
It’s all over for q squab true tray and there ain’t no
music, there ain’t no nothing besides my mother and
my father who stand alone upon the Island of Capri
where there is no ice, there is no nothing but
changers, changers, changers. That comes like in
first and last names, so that thing does. Well, it’s my
suitcase, sir. I’ve got to travel all the time to keep my
energy alive.
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
–Disturbances in thoughts and
speech
 Mutism:
Total Silence
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
–Disturbances in thoughts and
speech
 Derailment (loose associations):
The tendency for one thought to be
logically unconnected, or only
superficially related to the next.
Sometimes the associations are based
on the double meanings or on the way
words sound
6). Schizophrenia

Example of Derailment:
He pushed back the blankets from the
bed. He saw the river bed was covered
with small stones washed down from the
quarry. The hunter came fast because he
was following his quarry over the hill.
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
–Disturbances in thoughts and
speech
 Clanging:
The pairing of words that have no
relation to one another beyond the
fact that they rhyme or sound alike
6). Schizophrenia

Example of clanging:
– Said, Dead, Red, Head, Led
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYHVbLLO2bU
6). Schizophrenia
 Symptoms
of Schizophrenia
–Disturbances in thoughts and
speech
 Irrelevant Replies:
Giving answer to questions that are not
relevant
Example: How old are you? As old as the
pyramids crumbling into dust. Where do you live?
I exist in the world, from it, of it, and by it.
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Schizophrenia
– Catatonic Schizophrenia
 Agitated
 Immobile
– Paranoid Schizophrenia
– Disorganized Schizophrenia
– Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
6). Schizophrenia
 Types of Schizophrenia
– Catatonic Schizophrenia:
Accounts for 8% of all schizophrenics. The
major symptoms is a disturbance in motor
activity. The person may remain stiffly
immobile and refuse to speak of be
extremely agitated. Catatonic
Schizophrenia is rarely seen today.
However, it was common up to 30 to 40
years ago
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Schizophrenia
– Paranoid Schizophrenia
Accounts for 40% of schizophrenics;
appears late in life (25-30).
Characterized by delusions of
persecutions & grandeur. These are
often accompanied by hallucinations
supporting the delusion.
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Schizophrenia
– Paranoid Schizophrenia (continued)
Paranoid Schizophrenics are more likely
than other schizophrenics to have a good
outcome because it tends to be acute.
Under certain circumstances, they may
function relatively well
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Schizophrenia
– Disorganized Schizophrenia
 Accounts for 5% of all schizophrenics.
 Incoherence in expression
 Childish disregard for social conventions
 Resists wearing clothing
 Urinate and defecate at inappropriate
times
6). Schizophrenia
 Disorganized
Schizophrenia
(continued)
– May eat with their fingers
– Show emotional responses that are
inappropriate to the situation
– Giggling
– Silly mannerisms
– Inexplicable gestures
6). Schizophrenia
 Types
of Schizophrenia
– Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
This accounts for 40% of all
schizophrenics. They have symptoms
of schizophrenics (disordered
thinking, etc) but the symptoms don’t
clearly fit one of the other specific
types