Download A mood disorder - Mater Academy Lakes High School

Thinking About Psychology
The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012
Individual Variation Domain
Psychological Disorders
Module 31
Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Module Overview
• Anxiety Disorders
• Mood Disorders
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety: a vague feeling of apprehension
or nervousness.
• Anxiety disorder: where anxiety begins to
take control and dominate a person’s life
Types of Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety disorders are divided into:
– Generalized Anxiety Disorder
– Panic Disorder
– Phobia
– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)
– Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Anxiety Disorders
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorder:
Generalized Anxiety
Disorder and Panic
Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• An anxiety disorder characterized by
disruptive levels of persistent,
unexplained feelings of apprehension
and tenseness.
Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety
• Must have at least three of the following:
– Restlessness
– Feeling on edge
– Difficulty concentrating/mind going
blank
– Irritability
– Muscle Tension
– Sleep Disturbance
Panic Disorder
• An anxiety disorder characterized by
sudden bouts of intense, unexplained
anxiety,
• often associated with physical
symptoms like choking sensations or
shortness of breath.
• Panic attacks may happen several times
a day
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Phobia
Phobia
• An anxiety disorder
characterized by disruptive,
irrational fears of objects,
activities or situations.
• The fear must be both irrational
and disruptive.
• Even when raised in different
families, identical twins
sometimes have similar phobias
Phobias
Social Phobia
• Phobias which produce fear in social
situations
• Fear of speaking in public
Agoraphobia
• Fear of situations the person views as
difficult to escape from
• Fear of leaving one’s home or room in
the house
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)
• An anxiety disorder characterized by
unwanted, repetitive thoughts and
actions.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)
• Obsessions – repetitive thoughts
• Compulsions – repetitive actions
• The obsessions/compulsions begin to
take control of the
person’s life.
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
• An anxiety disorder
characterized by
reliving a severely
upsetting event in
unwanted recurring
memories and dreams.
• PTSD and 9/11
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Causes of Anxiety
Disorders
Biological Factors
• Hereditary factors may result in a
predisposition for developing
anxiety disorders
• Brain functions appear to be
different in an anxiety disorder
patient
• Evolutionary factors may lead to
anxiety disorders.
• PET scans show higher degree of
activity in the frontal lobes of
people
The Brain and OCD
Learning Factors
• Through classical conditioning people
may associate fear with an object.
• Observational learning--watching
another experiencing fearfulness--may
result in developing fear.
• Fear of an object may be reinforced
when by avoiding the feared objects.
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorders
Mood Disorders
• Classification of disorders where there
is a disturbance in the person’s emotions
• Major types of mood disorders include:
– Major Depressive Disorder
– Bipolar Disorder
– Dysthymic Disorder
Mood Disorders
Mania
• Period of abnormally high emotion and
activity
Depression
• Extended period of feeling sad, listless,
and drained of energy
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorders:
Major Depressive
Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
• A mood disorder in which a person,
for no apparent reason, experiences at
least two weeks of
– depressed moods,
– diminished interest in activities, and
– other symptoms, such as feelings of
worthlessness.
Major Depressive Disorder
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
Little interest or pleasure in almost all activities
Significant changes in weight or appetite
Sleeping more or less than usually. Lacks serotonin and
norepinephrine neurotransmitters.
Agitated or decreased level of activity
Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think or concentrate
Recurrent thoughts or death or suicide
6% of men and 10% of women suffer are diagnosed but MDD.
A fraternal twin has a 20% of developing MDD after his other twin
gets it.
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorder:
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
• A mood disorder,
• (formerly called manic-depressive
disorder)
• in which the person alternates between
the hopelessness of depression and the
overexcited and unreasonably optimistic
state of mania.
• Many times will follow a cyclical pattern
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorder:
Causes of Mood Disorders
Biopolar Disorder PET Scans
Biological Factors
• Mood disorders have a hereditary nature
to them.
• Depressed individuals tend to have
depressed brains.
– PET scans indicate less activity during
periods of depression.
Social-Cognitive Factors
• Depression may be a variation of
learned helplessness.
• Depressed individuals attribute events
using the following characteristics:
– Stable: the bad situation will last for a
long time
– Internal: they are at fault
– Global: all of life is bad
Attribution and Depression
Determination of Mood
The End
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• Domain Coding
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• Scientific Inquiry Domain
• Biopsychology Domain
• Development and Learning Domain
• Social Context Domain
• Cognition Domain
• Individual Variation Domain
• Applications of Psychological Science Domain
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Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
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