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Module 22 Assessment & Anxiety Disorders Virginia Union University Introduction to Psychology Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Consists of obsessions, which are persistent, recurring irrational thoughts, impulses or images that a person is unable to control and that interfere with normal functioning, and compulsions, which are irresistible impulses to perform over and over some senseless behavior or ritual ▫ Hand washing, check things, counting, putting things in order ▫ Effects about 3% of adults in the US Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Symptoms ▫ Obsessions & compulsions (or sometimes obsessions alone) that are very time consuming & performed to reduce anxiety Ex: cleaning, checking & counting or buying, hoarding & putting things in order • Treatment ▫ After being treated with drugs, given exposure therapy Exposure therapy involves gradually exposing the person to the actual anxiety-producing situations or objects that her or she is attempting to avoid and continuing the exposure treatments until anxiety decreases Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) • A disabling condition that results from personally experiencing an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury or from witnessing or hearing of such an event happening to a family member or close friend. • People suffering from PTSD experience a number of psychological symptoms, including recurring and disturbed memories, terrible nightmares and intense fear, anxiety. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) • Treatment ▫ May involve drugs, but some form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is more effective in the long-term CBT provides emotional support to replace feelings of fear with a sense of courage • PTSD & Hurricane Katrina Survivors Somatoform Disorders • Marked by recurring, multiple, and significant bodily (somatic) symptoms that extend over several years. • The bodily symptoms (e.g., pain, vomiting, paralysis, blindness) are not under voluntary control, have no known physical causes, and are believed to be caused by psychological factors. ▫ Among the most commons health problems seen in medical practice ▫ 2 most common: somatization disorder & conversion disorder Somatization Disorder • Begins before age 30 • Last several years • Characterized by multiple symptoms • Pain, gastrointestinal, sexual & neurological symptoms that have no physical causes but are triggered by psychological problems or distress • • • • Disorder especially common among women Leads to higher than normal health care costs Family background: cold & unsupportive, abusive Stress coping mechanism Conversion Disorder • Changing anxiety or emotional distress into real physical, motor, sensory, or neurological symptoms (headaches, nausea, dizziness, loss of sensation, paralysis) for which no physical or organic cause can be identified • Usually associated with psychological factors like depression, concerns about health, or the occurrence of a stressful situation • Emotional areas of brain activated inappropriately, can influence other brain activity/physical symptoms • Physical symptoms removes the person from a threatening or anxiety producing situation Mass Hysteria • Condition experienced by a group of people who, through suggestion, observation, or other psychological process, develop similar fears, delusions, abnormal behaviors, or physical symptoms Taijin Kyofusho (TKS) • Unique anxiety disorder found in Japanese but not Western cultures • Kind of social phobia characterized by a terrible fear of offending others through awkward social or physical behavior ▫ staring, blushing, giving off an offensive odor, having an unpleasant facial expression, or having trembling hands • Is the 3rd most commons psychiatric disorder among Japanese college students & more common in males • Cultural values ▫ Japanese place great emphasis on appropriately conducting oneself in public ▫ Japanese children punished for not displaying appropriate public behaviors Class Announcements • Evaluation/Cross Cultural Project Meeting Schedules • Class Study Groups