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Download FINAL STUDY GUIDE PSYCHOLOGY What do the vast majority of
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FINAL STUDY GUIDE PSYCHOLOGY What do the vast majority of psychologists study? Everyday behaviors and feelings What is an applied science? Use psychological principles to solve immediate problems What is a theory? Complex explanation based on findings from studies Who presented the concept of “unconscious determinants of behavior”? Sigmund Freud What are some of B.F. Skinners theories and ideas on psychology? Walden Two, reinforcement, behaviorism Who was the first modern psychologist? Wundt What is an applied science? Psychological principles to solve immediate problems What is a control group? Differentiate between the independent and dependent variable. Independent variable – variable manipulated by experimenters; dependent variable – responds to the independent variable What is a double-blind study? Neither participants nor experimenter knows who the experimental group is What is a longitudinal study? Study same group of or participants at regular intervals over a period of years What is a correlation? Degree of relatedness between two variables What is naturalistic observation? Avoid disturbing participants at all cost What is a self-fulfilling prophecy? Unwittingly bring about the situation they expect to find What does the autonomic nervous system regulate? Regulates involuntary muscles and organs What do the nervous system and endocrine system do? Send information to and from the brain What does an EEG monitor? Electrical activity of the brain What does nature represent in the nature-nurture question? Nature represents the biological makeup of a person What are regions of the cerebral cortex referred to as? lobes What are the basic parts of a neuron? Axon, dendrite, cell body What hormone is important to the development of men? Testosterone What are some possible results of an injury to the spinal cord? Paralysis, failure to transmit messages Describe what happens with identical twins. Share genes, common behaviors, similar habits What are neurotransmitters? Chemicals used to transmit messages throughout our body What is the primary appraisal? Immediate evaluation of a situation When does the fight-or-flight response get triggered? (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) alarm Know the difference between approach-approach, avoidance-approach, avoidance-avoidance, double approach-avoidance. What is different between a Type A person and a Type B person? Type A easily annoyed/stressed, irritable, free floating hostility Type B calm, relaxed, not easily stressed What is intellectualization? Blocking feelings to make things fell less real What is comparable worth? Men and women receive equal pay for comparable jobs Know the difference between eustress and distress. Eustress –positive stress distress – negative stress What is the sequence of the general adaptation syndrome? Alarm, resistance, exhaustion Does stress have an influence on your immune system? yes What is a compulsion? Irresistible urge to behave in a certain way especially against one’s conscious mind What is an obsession? Continuous thinking/anxiety/worrying about a situation When does a dissociative reaction occur? When a person loses identity or memory Explain the deviation theory. Defining abnormality as deviation assumes that what most people do is normal What is a conversion reaction? Transforming emotional difficulty into the loss of a psychological function What is bipolar disorder? Frantic action (manic); deep despair (depression) What is a phobia? Fear of a particular object or situation What is tolerance? Needing more and more of a drug or alcohol to achieve the level or intoxication desired What is paranoid-schizophrenia? Hallucinating, delusions, constant fear What are the four descriptions within each diagnostic category of the DSM IV? 1. 2. 3. 4. Essential feature of the disorder Associated features of the disorder Information on differential diagnosis Diagnostic criteria for the disorder Why does the DSM-IV cover drug addiction and alcoholism? Drug and alcohol abuse is a major psychological problem in American society affecting millions of people. It is a widespread problem that causes physical and social problems in addition to psychological problems.
