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STRESS!!!!
FEELING STRESSED OUT?
 How often do you experience stress in your
daily life? Never? Rarely? Sometimes?
Is it frequent?
In a 2007 Gallup Poll over half of the people
under the age off 55 said that they did not
have enough time to do the things that they
wanted to do.
SEINFELD
 Studies of stressors have shown that
people’s number one fear is speaking in
public.
 Second to this is the fear of dying. Citing
this finding, comedian Jerry Seinfeld has
joked that people are more afraid of giving
the eulogy at a funeral than being in the
casket.
What is Stress?
Stress: the process by which we
perceive and respond to certain
events called stressors, that we
appraise as threatening or
challenging.
Stress comes in 2 Types
Distress
 Stress perceived as being
negative—those events we
typically think of when we
think of “stress.”
Eustress
 Stress perceived as being
positive, but which still
carries heightened arousal.
With both types of stress…
They can (over time) lead
to harmful physical
effects, even
though eustress is more
pleasant to endure.
One Key in Understanding Stress
 Stress is not just a stimulus or a response. It is the process by
which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and
challenges. Stress arises less from events themselves than
from how we appraise them.
 For example—a creaking sound in an empty house may cause
stress in one person and NOT in another.
STRESS AND HEALTH
Experiencing prolonged stress can
lead to chronic disease. Those who
came back from Vietnam with
PTSD went on to suffer greatly
elevated rates of circulatory,
digestive, respiratory, and infectious
diseases.
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
 Concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three
phases—alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
1) Alarm Reaction: sudden activation of sympathetic nervous
system. Heart rate zooms, Blood is diverted to skeletal muscles.
You feel the faintness of shock.
2) Resistance:Your temperature, blood pressure , and respiration
remain high. Sudden outpouring of hormones.
This is draining and leads to…
3) Exhaustion: Makes you more vulnerable to illness and possibly
death.
STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS
CATASTROPHES
SIGNIFICANT LIFE
CHANGES
DAILY HASSLES
STRESS AND THE HEART
 Coronary Heart Disease: the clogging of the vessels
that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of
death in North America.
 Associated Factors: obesity, smoking, high-fat diet,
physical inactivity, elevated cholesterol level,
STRESS and PERSONALITY.
TYPE A AND TYPE B PERSONALITY
Type A: Competitive, hard-driving,
impatient, verbally aggressive, and
anger-prone people.
Type B: Easygoing, Relaxed People
THINGS WE CAN DO TO CONTROL OUR HEALTH
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Get your 7-8 hours of sleep per night
Eat breakfast
Keep weight to a normal level
Don’t smoke
Get regular physical exercise
Wear seat belts
Don’t drive at excessive speeds
Learn good diets and follow them
Find a physician with whom you can communicate
Questions for You
 Do you feel most stressed out around exam time? Why or
why not?
 How could you personally reduce your stress level at exam
time?
 How do your teachers and administrators try to reduce the
stress of exam time?
 What other things could be done to make exam time less
stressful?
STRESS AND COLDS
In an experiment by Sheldon
Cohen people with the highest
life stress scores were also most
vulnerable when exposed to an
experimentally delivered cold
virus.
STRESS AND AIDS
 If stress weakens the immune system
does it exacerbate an autoimmune
disease such as AIDS?
STRESS AND CANCER
 Stress is linked to the progression of cancer.