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Download 2.1 The Nature of Matter - Sonoma Valley High School
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Transcript
2.1 The Nature of Matter Atoms • Made of protons, neutrons and electrons. • Nucleus holds the protons(+) and neutrons (0) + mass. • Electrons (-) surround the nucleus, in constant motion. Gold atoms: photograph Elements and Isotopes 24+ elements are found in living things (of 100+ elements) Some elements have isotopes, with different #s of neutrons and different mass. All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties b/c their electrons are the same. Radioactive isotopes PET scan • The nuclei decay, releasing radiation at a constant rate • Used to: – Date rocks, fossils – Kill bacteria Treat cancer Act as tracers in organisms Compounds NaCl H2O • A substance formed by joining atoms together. • The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule. • Formulas: tell types of elements in the compound and their ratios. Chemical bonds • Hold atoms together, forming molecules • Ionic bonds: electrons transfer from one atom to another, creating a charged particle, or ion • Covalent bonds: atoms share electrons • Water is a covalently bonded molecule found in all living things Water molecules are Attracted to one another Van der Waals forces • Forces of attraction between molecules. • Hold large molecules together. • Allow geckos to balance the pull of gravity. These synthetic Carbon nanotubes make a ‘glue’ 10X stickier than a gecko’s foot
