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NS3310 - Physical Science Studies Atoms and Molecules Science Magic Tricks • The difference between science magic tricks and real magic tricks is that in a science magic trick we tell you how we did it • It looks like magic at first, but then you realize there really is no trick. Once you know how it’s done, you can do it too Matter is made of atoms Robert Boyle “corpuscules” Democritus the concept of atomism John Dalton Niels Bohr modern concept of the atom law of multiple proportions Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons • The Atomic Nucleus – Protons – Neutrons • Electrons Elements are determined by the number of protons in their nucleus • Atomic number • Atomic mass • Valence The Periodic Table • The periodic table arranges the elements in such a way that you can tell what the element’s properties are and how they will behave chemically Ions • Ions are atoms with more or less electrons than normal – Cations – Anions – Ionic compounds Isotopes • Isotopes are atoms with more or less neutrons than normal – Radioactivity • Fusion • Fission – Half-life Molecules • Compounds are molecules made from two or more elements • Mixtures • Solutions Key Concepts • Matter is made of atoms • Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons • Elements are determined by the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom • The periodic table arranges the elements in such a way that you can tell what the element’s properties are and how they will behave chemically Key Concepts • Isotopes are atoms with more or less neutrons than normal • Ions are atoms with more or less electrons than normal • Compounds are molecules with two or more elements • A chemical change occurs when compounds change during an interaction with each other • Physical changes occur when the appearance of the material changes but the molecules are not changed • Mixtures are a physical combination of two or more elements or compounds • Solutions are a chemical combination of a solute in a solvent Kitchen Chemistry • Balloon Bottles • Alka-Seltzer Rockets • Martian Jelly • Salt Volcano
