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Climate Change and how to help slow it down Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol •ECE UPRM •Director - CLiMMATe Lab (CLoud Microwave Measurements of ATmospheric Events) • PI @ UPRM- for the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Climate Change Scientific consensus: is caused mainly because of human activity, such as CO2 emissions.* * According to the report from the UN-IPCC 2007. IPCC Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change www.ipcc.ch En estas gráficas se compara los modelos naturales y antropogénicos con las medidas reales. Human Activities For example: • CO2 emissions to the atmosphere: cars, electricity, water • Deforestation – construction • Contamination • other greenhouse gases like methane(22x), nitrous oxides (310x) Global Warming Consequences • Extreme weather – – – – – Storms Floods, droughts Cold winters, heat waves Sea level Impact on agriculture, species, economy, health, etc Social impacts • Sub-Saharan Africa produces about 3% of the world’s greenhouse gases, yet… • Its climate and ecological systems have already been altered by global warming and will undergo further damage in the years ahead. www.un.org Demonstrators in Nairobi, Kenya, protest failure of developed countries to curb emissions of greenhouse gases. A 2006 report by economist Sir Nicholas Stern suggests that global warming could shrink the global economy by 20%! Global average temperature Years: 1860-2000 } Cold due to sulfuric emissions: (1940-1970) which caused lung cancer, asthma & acid rain Clean Air Act http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared /spl/hi/sci_nat/04/climate_ch ange/html/climate.stm Costa Rica First official lost species due to Global warming: golden toad Also corals are bleaching All over the world. Some of its consequences are irreversible Permafrost Glaciers Worst case scenario: Ocean conveyor belt stops Due to change in salinity, if Artic keeps melting, this current could stop, creating a small ice age in Europe and North America. [IPCC] World Population Growth 2000 6 1987 It took all human history to reach 1 billion in 1800. 5 1975 4 1960 1930 2 1800 1 0 10,000 BC 5,000 BC Year 0 1000 2000 billions 3 On top of this… New blooming economies want to live their own version of the “American Dream”. Example: in China, the traditional bicycle lane was closed to lay way to an extra automobile lane. India is now also flourishing economically and greatly increasing their CO2 emissions. The Good News is that… we can make a difference … while saving $$$ Solution? • You just have to turn a bit GREEN! Save $$$, and …help the planet Every time we use: • electricity • gasoline • products • water We send emissions to the atmosphere that warms it more. Water Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Dry Season Wet Season In PR global warming is expected to decrease rain by 10-20%! Water • When we save water, we save $ and CO2 emissions • Buy shower head of 1.5-2gpm Saving water… Water saving kits like this from the EcoStore can save up to 40% of water bill! In PR this is equivalent to $15-$20 per month for a typical family. Saving water… Cost: $1/gallon (tipical use 40 gallons/ 2 month) Cost filter: $4-$6 is equivalent to 40 gallons! Total Cost: $40/ 40 gallons Total Cost: $5/40 gallons Difference; $40- $5 = $35 more expensive (And you save the effort of recycling the 40 bottles!) Savings: $35 (every 2 mo.) Environmental Savings; 40 bottles derived from petroleum! Paper use • Print on both sides, minimize color. • Use recycle paper, 100% post-consumer • Cancel Catalogs • Subscribe to online magazines, Pay online Avoid millions of tree from being chop down Zinio.com Reforestation • Plant trees – Lower your home temperature up to 10F!, – Increase value of your property! – Reduce CO2 emissions Natural Resources gives you up to 200 free trees! Small changes, make a big difference: Products Effect on the Planet… Every time we buy plastic, glass, aluminum and paper, and other products, we are indirectly emitting more greenhouse gases like CO2 to the atmosphere that warms it even more. Be a wise consumer • Buy less! • Give away what you don’t use. Don’t through batteries to the trash! • They contain many toxics, heavy metals like mercury that poison our water bodies, when it rains of the landfills. • Recycle them!. • Use rechargeable batteries.. Same with cell phones, and other electronics Busca la lista de centros de acopio de baterías en http://campusverde.uprm.edu Rechargeable Batteries (4 AA + 4 AAA) Save $100+ for each one! * Eat less Meat • Methane is 20x stronger than CO2 in capturing IR • Could be capture and use to generate energy. Landfills produce methane gas Mass Animal Farming produces methane gas Effect of What we Eat to Climate Change “…raising animals for food generates more greenhouse gases than all the cars and trucks in the world combined”. 2006 U.N. report According to a 2006 study by U. of Chicago; Eating a vegan diet prevents the equivalent of 1.5 tons of CO2 emissions every year, more than the 1 ton of CO2 emissions prevented by switching from a typical large sedan to a Toyota Prius. Eat less Meat to help the Planet… So why does meat cause so much global warming? • Growing feed for farmed animals requires intense use of synthetic fertilizer, which releases N2O– a far stronger greenhouse gas than even CO2 . • The tens of billions of farmed animals of the world produce massive amounts of flatulence and liquid manure, which release large amounts of methane into the atmosphere as well as forming nitrous oxide, both of which are powerful green house gases. • Heating buildings that house farm animals – emission of green house gases "Rearing Cattle Produces More Greenhouse Gases Than Driving Cars, UN Report Warns," UN News Centre, 29 Nov. 2006. Is it Sustainable? 70-90% of all planted cereals are destined to feed animals of consumption 100 acres of land yield enough to feed – 28 meat-eating humans – 400 vegetarians Necessary WATER to produce a pound of: 7000 6000 Pounds of Water 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 meat potatoes wheat corn rice Styrofoam • Generates many toxic gases & CO2 during their production. • NOT biodegradable, are prohibited in many cities in the U.S. • Releases styrene, which related to cancer. • More expensive than reusable dinnerware. Sell your “Trash” Recycle, Reuse , Reduce: • • • • • • • • • • cardboard Plastic Aluminum cans Glass Batteries Water Cooking oil leaves Methane MBytes If we don’t recycle… • More emissions of methane, CO2 and other toxic and greenhouse gases • Which contribute to climate change. • Waste of virgin material – limited material in the planet, so not sustainable! Recycle correctly: NO straws NO cups *Only #1 y #2 About materials… • Plastics consume energy when – fabricated – transport • Steel and aluminum emit CO2 when produced • Mass animal Farming and landfill emit methane • Paper production decreases absorption of CO2 in the atmosphere due to deforestation. What should I buy? • Reduced packaging • Concentrated Products *All packages need large amounts of energy to be produces, and many emit tons of CO2 in the atmosphere annually. X3 x1 Compost • Recycle leaves, and other waste • It’s better for your health and the environment. • Organic food (better health, less Br) What should I buy? • A fiberglass pool employs 1/3 of the energy than a concrete pool. Save Mbytes! • Saves materials & energy How? Cut each Picture, then Paste Special in JPG or GIF Format. OR> Right-click on figure, press Format Figure, Compress , All, or change with Paste Special to Jpeg or gif Format. Save a lot of space on your USB memory sticks! Up to 20x!! Gasoline Increase your MPG [MPG = miles per gallon] Car Acceleration optimum smaller MPG MPG Pressure on pedal Don’t press gas pedal too much. Learn to drive at optimum acceleration. Increase your MPG 1. Use minimum acceleration 2. Drive less, combine trips, use mass transport 3. Don’t leave motor running > 1min 4. Remove excess equipment 5. Park in the shade 6. Keep your car tune-up & tires inflated 7. Consider a Hybrid vehicle 8. Turn off A/C when going uphill & when not needed 9. Avoid holes 10. Use Overdrive *http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/fuel_economy/practical-driving-tips.html *Every gallon saves 20 pounds of CO2 from being emitted! Optimum speed? • Respect maximum speed, & save $ Optimum speed 55 Hybrid cars Real Cost of Car $60,000 Costo Total $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 Prius $10,000 SmallCar $0 0 2 4 6 Años 8 10 12 Alternative Transportation Electricity DMSP Electric appliances use electricity even when turned off. They’re called Phantom Loads! Some examples 5%-23% of electric bill Represents $3B in the U.S. Inside of an adapter Save $: unplug appliances when not using them. Use a power strip to connect several appliances then you can turn them off all at the same time. • Turn off printer & speakers when not in use. • Unplugged them every night. • Turn off breakers from washing machines and others Computers • Turn off PC if you will not use it in 1hr or more. • ¡Don’t let the adaptor plugged in!!! Cell phone chargers • Don’t leave the charger connected! • Uses 70-95% of the energy as if charging. Myth vs. Reality: turning on and off an appliance with reduce its life. FALSE! Appliances are designed different today! Turn-off and SAVE! What should I buy? • a laptop uses 1/3 of the electricity of a desktop! versus And it doesn’t need a UPS. What should I buy? Plasma LCD LCD uses 1/3 less energy than a Plasma TV! Compact fluorescent Lights (CFL) Save $150 per lightbulb during its life • Use 1/4 electricity. • Last 10 times more. www.energystar.gov/ia/business/bulk_purchasing/bpsavings_calc/Calc_CFLs.xls LED lights • Use even less electricity than CFL • Last longer • Have NO mercury • Cost more A/C If you use air conditioner, set the temperature 1-2 degrees less cold, this will save $ and many emissions. A window fan brings in fresh air from outside. Save $25 /month for each A/C unit! What should I buy? It’s worth buy appliances that are energy efficient. ¡Compare! Saves $10-60/ mo. each!! What should I buy? A solar water heater • Saves $40-$100/mo. • Lasts 30+ years! Israel banned… What should I buy? • GAS appliances save $25-$50/month! • Using a clothlines, saves even more. Electric Bill: AEE…(house of 4) Average Consumption: $260 1390 kWh Electric Bill: : After eliminationg Electric phamtons & changing some CFL $195 (1160 kWh) Electric Bill: After using 3 fans instead of 3 A/C $113 (690 kWh) Electric Bill: Factura de AEE: After installing a solar water heater $74 (400 kWh) Many solutions Native Americans knew about Sustainability We do not inhering the Earth from our Fathers … We borrow it from our children Web References… • • • • • • • • • • • www.nasa.gov www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming www.povertymap.net www.unmillenniumproject.org www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk www.noaa.gov www.ucsusa.org www.borgenproject.org www.unicef.org www.energyhog.org FUN!! (PC games) cacique.uprm.edu/aceer