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Team 11 reporting
Response to climate change- system approach
Or:
Landscape systems to adress climate change
(the group suggested this name at workshop in Minnesota 2009).
Contact persons. UMN : Jason Hill
Bioforsk: Lillian Øygarden
UMB: Helen French
St.meld. nr. 39 (WHITE PAPER)
(2008–2009)
Klimautfordringene – landbruket en del av løsningen
Climate challenges- agriculture- part of the solution
Follow up 2010:
Ministry of
agriculture and
food: Priority to
carbon storage in
soil
Cooperation to USA
and Canada.
Minnesota specific
mentioned
Cooperation UMN- Bioforsk, UMB
Response to Climate Change- system
approach
• Meeting in Minnesota september 2008 – Climate
change- Norwegian cooperation
• Visit to Norway 10- 12 June 2009 and June 2010
• Workshop Minnesota October 2009
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Geographical location of monitoring stations. Agricultural Environmental Monitoring
Programme- (JOVA)
Monitoring catchments from the National Environmental Monitoring programme
JOVA (presented by Johannes Deelstra )
For each field
information on:
Crop
Soil management
Fertiliser
Manure
Yield
Pesticides
Apelsvoll
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Situated by lake Mjøsa
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260 m above sea level, 120 km north of Oslo
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46 ha land + 34 ha rented, possibility for irrigation
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Field trials, both on own land and administrating trials in the
Extension services (approx. 450 trials)
Apelsvoll Field trial (1989- 2009 and
continuing )
Crop production
systems
Energy crops
Fertilising
Measurement of
runoff, nutrient
losses…….
Bioenergy from crop
Halm til
biovarme
residues
Ragnar Eltun
Ragnar Eltun
Bioforsk Øst Apelsvoll
Bioforsk Øst Apelsvoll
Bioenergy heating
system at Apelsvoll
Yearly heating requirement:
308 000 kWh
Straw furnace: 500 kW
Water tank: 50 000 L + 10 000 L
network of pipes
Straw requirements:
92 tonn= 42 ha = 330 round bales
Stoking:
Normally 3 times a week
Straw storage facilites are going to be
built
Heating costs: 72 øre/kWh
Research area1: Oslo airport Gardermoen, OSL
De-icing chemicals:
Kilfrost - planes,
Propyleneglycol
CH3-CH(OH)-CH2(OH)
Clearway1 - runways,
Potassium Formate
COOHK
N
Photo: OSL
0
1 km
Response to climate change- system approaches
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Comparative research- based on case studies (Norway and Minnesota )
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different working teams can develop cooperation, such as:
Effects of climate change on production systems- positive and negative effects
(identification of effects- documentation – methods- monitoring)
Adaptation to changed climate: preventing unwanted effects, development of new
management practices (pesticides- plant protection, pollution- soil tillage. Positive
effects- longer growing season- changes cropping area/season, possibilities new
crops )
Special focus: Greenhouse gases- budget farm level- comparison of production
system and management practices- measures to reduce gas emissions . Carbon
sequestration.
Special focus : (Winter ) hydrology in catchments- runoff pathways- methods
Special focus- environmental effects- pollution- erosion,N,P losses- effects of
management practices- water quality (soil tillage, crops, drainage, )
Special focus- watershed engineering- extreme events- runoff controldimentioning of pipe systems, control with surface runoff
Project cooperation, research exchange
Focus on working with scenarios, risk assessment, planning tools, modelling,
monitoring systems
Topics for future collaboration
Focus Hydrology:
Hydrological pathways as influenced by climate change ( nutrient losses ,erosion)
Separation of flowpaths: Base flow, Drain flow, Surface flow,…separate by isotope analysis
Paper: compare flow separation approaches
Extreme weather events for different Norwegian regions using meteorological network data
and the WINDS model combined with down scaled climate scenarios from the Meteorological
institute
What will happen to groundwater recharge?
Effect of scale and climate change on watershed management (agriculture, future)
Climate change and effect on drainage design. Urban areas- storm water- rain gardens
Controlled drainage and climate change and the effect on release of N2O and phosphorus…
Ecosystem approach to climate change issues (hydrology, plants, carbon sequestration…)
Decoupling natural and artificial watersheds
2010: Applications for joint projects:
Helen French: Oct 09-application to NRC- NORKLIMA about new project based on excisting
project cooperation with UMN (Climrunoff).
Project working title: Extreme weather in small catchments, consequences for transport
infrastructure and peri-urban settlements. Exflood. Funded for period 2010- 2013.
February 2010. Clarence Lehmann,UMB : Global Spotlight Letter of Intent: Water in the
world- Equator to the Pole. (UMN, UMB, Bioforsk, Tanzania). Approved for sending full
application, phase II. Supporting letter from Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture and food. Not
funded phase II.
March 2010. Bioforsk funding. Support for networking and cooperation with UMN.
September 2010. Application NRC. Better agronomy to reduce emissions of agricultural green
house gases. Workpackage on drainage – nitrous oxide emissions- involving IMN. Not funded
but will be given another chance , resubmitted to other funding possibilities.
Feb2011.Bioforsk funding. Workshop . Hydrology- drainage- nitrous oxide emissions. UMN.
Bioforsk, Baltic network .
Focus; Carbon in soils
Carbon sequestration: possibilities in agriculture- effect of cropping systems, soil tillage
management, biochar.
Modelling carbon sequestration
Comparison Carbon - research- UMN – Norway
Metods charcterization soil organic matter , mineralization……
Peatlands – Carbon
Fate of biochar in soil. Lab, plot cale, modelling
GHG gasses – management practices
Linking carbon- hydrology
2010.
Application to NRC (Sept 09 ); Biochar additions in Norway: effects on soil quality
properties and carbon storage potential in agricultural soils (AGRIchar). UMN participant
in application. Not funded, but new possibilities for cooperation /application will be
searched for.
Focus response to climate change. System approach
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Effects of climate change on ecosystems- agricultural productions, cultural
landscape (documentation, methods, monitoring, risk planning, recommendations..)
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positive effects
negative effects
Adaptation to changed climate:
– preventing unwanted effects,
– development of new management practices (pesticides- plant protection, pollution- soil tillage.
– Positive effects- longer growing season- changes cropping area/season, possibilities new crops
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Carbon sequestrations- Agriculture part of the solution ? Green house gas emissions
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Need to increase food production- increasing population and at same time reduce
emissions
• Suggest workshop : invite different disciplines – integrated systems
approach. Soil- water- plant- landscape…….. (linked to another conference )
• Focusing on parallell projects, catchment comparisons
? Experimental work:
Common issues
K(Sw,Temp)
Aggregate stability
• Water infiltration and dynamics in? soil,
winter
conditions
Transport
sector:
• Surface run-off, erosion and dimensioning
guidelines,
winter
conditions
Combination
of point/line
source
over large area
• Contaminants;
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Erosion
– Transport sector: de-icing chemicals,
road contaminants,
Maintenance
– Waste sites, waste water,
Dimensioning
? Challenge:
– Agricultural contaminants; pesticides,
nutrients (N and P),
monitoring during frozen
conditions
Monitoring techniques
– Subsurface: geophysical techniques, groundwater – logging (tunnel building)
– Surface: JOVA (Johannes will say more…)
? Modelling:
Modelling activities
Realistic
boundary conditions –
– Subsurface: SUTRA, Modflow, COMSOL
multiphysics
climatescenarios time-resolution
– Surface/water shed: LISEM, SWAT,
Model comparison
– Risk tools: P-index, GIS-tools, INCA-P/N
Differences in available data?
REV-REA – how to determine?
Upscaling
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Funding
opportunities
in
Norway
The Norwegian Research council
NORKLIMA:
Project working title: Extreme
weather in small catchments,
The EU
consequences
for can
transport
– Collaborative projects: Not fund USA partner
activities – but
be included
infrastructure and peri-urban
in advisory boards etc.
– Marie Curie scholarships (mainly Europe) settlements
Objective/goals:
Fulbright scholarships (north America-Norway)
Suggest measures for site-specific
Leiv Erikson funds (north America-Norway)risk reduction related to extreme
weather; flooding along roads,
Ministry of Agriculture….
railroads and buildings in peri-urban
areas. Develop tools for improved
Nordic funding options
land-use management and planning.
– Research projects
– Various exchanges options: Yggdrasil
• Twinned projects; funding from Norway and USA
• 2011: Norwegian Centennial Chair Programme, funding
possibilities.
• Jason Hill; "Norwegian Centennial Travel Awards for Faculty",
and I would like to apply to return to Norway to continue
opportunities for research collaborations with your group.