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Transcript
OCEANIC Lithosphere PREDICT: What percent of the earth is covered in water? What percent is land? Explain your prediction. PREDICT:What percent of the earth’s water is salt? What percent is fresh? Explain your prediction. World Ocean Facts Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Area (1,000,000 km²) Volume (1,000,000 km³) Average Depth (m) Maximum Depth (m) 82.4 323.6 3926 9200 165.2 707.6 4282 11,022 73.4 291.0 3963 7460 14.1 17.0 1205 4300 Features of the Ocean Floor Salinity • A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid Estuary • A place where fresh & salt water meet. shoreline • The point where land meets the water Continental shelf • Sloping shelf of land that is made of the edges of the continent • The continental shelf regions also contain the highest amount of benthic life (plants and animals that live on the ocean floor). Continental Edge • The part of the continental shelf that begins to angle sharply down Continental Slope • The steep cliff like drop from the continental edge to the ocean floor that connects the continental shelf and the oceanic crust • It usually begins at 430 feet (130 meters) depth and can be up to 20 km wide. Continental rise • Lower part of the continental slope which extends to the ocean floor Abyssal Plain • The broad flat ocean bottom Trenches • Deepest parts of the ocean created by the undersea rivers and currents • The deepest one, the Marianas Trench in the South Pacific Ocean, is more than 35,000 feet (10,668 meters), or almost 6.6 miles (10.6 kilometers) deep. Mid-Ocean Ridge • A chain of mountains under the sea • The world’s longest mountain range. It runs almost unbroken for 40,000 miles. Rift Valley • Large crack that runs down the middle of the Mid-Ocean Ridge Seamounts • An underwater mountain formed by a volcano • Most seamounts began life as volcanoes formed over hot spots in the ocean floor. After the crust moves off the hot spot, the volcanic activity stops. Guyots • Seamounts whose peaks have eroded and become a flat surface are called guyots • Inactive volcanoes on the ocean floor Atoll • As the seamount sinks or its peak erodes, the seamount will disappear beneath the water leaving the coral ring. This is called an atoll.