Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the
... new habitats [17,18]. Barnes et al. [19] estimated that the dispersal of alien species through marine litter more than doubles the rate of natural dispersal processes, especially during an era of global change. Although the type of litter found in the world’s oceans is highly diverse, plastics are b ...
... new habitats [17,18]. Barnes et al. [19] estimated that the dispersal of alien species through marine litter more than doubles the rate of natural dispersal processes, especially during an era of global change. Although the type of litter found in the world’s oceans is highly diverse, plastics are b ...
Deep-Sea Corals: Special Issue of Current, the Journal of Marine
... Hydrocorals, or lace corals, form erect or encrusting calcareous colonies and require exposed, hard substrate for attachment. Most are important structure-forming corals. Some erect species, most notably Stylaster cancellatus, may grow to almost one meter in height and are often patchily distributed ...
... Hydrocorals, or lace corals, form erect or encrusting calcareous colonies and require exposed, hard substrate for attachment. Most are important structure-forming corals. Some erect species, most notably Stylaster cancellatus, may grow to almost one meter in height and are often patchily distributed ...
Terminal Evaluation UNDP GEF project GEF 3138PIMS 3657
... of international instruments such as UNCLOS (with a special attention to the International Maritime Organization – IMO - and to the International Seabed Authority – ISA -) and the CBD, on the strengths and complementarities of the regional instruments such as the Nairobi Convention (UNEP), the regi ...
... of international instruments such as UNCLOS (with a special attention to the International Maritime Organization – IMO - and to the International Seabed Authority – ISA -) and the CBD, on the strengths and complementarities of the regional instruments such as the Nairobi Convention (UNEP), the regi ...
PDF
... organized along topics rather than in chronological order. The meeting brought together 31 fisheries experts from 17 WECAFC member States and 4 institutions. The Working Group compiled available information on the high seas fisheries in the WECAFC area and noted that deep-sea fisheries in the High S ...
... organized along topics rather than in chronological order. The meeting brought together 31 fisheries experts from 17 WECAFC member States and 4 institutions. The Working Group compiled available information on the high seas fisheries in the WECAFC area and noted that deep-sea fisheries in the High S ...
Geochemistry of Serpentinized Peridotites from the Mariana Forearc
... [1] Recent examinations of the chemical fluxes through convergent plate margins suggest the existence of significant mass imbalances for many key species: only 20–30% of the to-the-trench inventory of large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) can be accounted for by the magmatic outputs of volcanic arcs. ...
... [1] Recent examinations of the chemical fluxes through convergent plate margins suggest the existence of significant mass imbalances for many key species: only 20–30% of the to-the-trench inventory of large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) can be accounted for by the magmatic outputs of volcanic arcs. ...
The Biology, Ecology and Vulnerability of Deep
... colony grows parts of the coral skeleton are attacked by boring organisms such as sponges and worms. Pieces of the initial colony fall off as a result of this process of bioerosion. As these are still alive they form daughter colonies around the initial colony. This entire structure forms a hemisph ...
... colony grows parts of the coral skeleton are attacked by boring organisms such as sponges and worms. Pieces of the initial colony fall off as a result of this process of bioerosion. As these are still alive they form daughter colonies around the initial colony. This entire structure forms a hemisph ...
Record
... seamounts. This assessment was funded through the OR2000 Marine Protected Areas Program. In September 1994, CSIRO provided its report, Assessment of conservation and management requirements for southern seamounts (Koslow 1994), which noted that: ...
... seamounts. This assessment was funded through the OR2000 Marine Protected Areas Program. In September 1994, CSIRO provided its report, Assessment of conservation and management requirements for southern seamounts (Koslow 1994), which noted that: ...
bowie seamount pilot marine protected area: an
... and 230 km west of Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia. Canada's National Framework for the development of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) includes a Code of Practice that encourages Integrated Ocean Managers to use all the available scientific and traditional ecological knowledge ...
... and 230 km west of Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia. Canada's National Framework for the development of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) includes a Code of Practice that encourages Integrated Ocean Managers to use all the available scientific and traditional ecological knowledge ...
Deep-Sea Ecosystems: Pristine Biodiversity Reservoir and
... useful for photosynthesis does not reach below ~250 m depth) and high pressure (1 atmosphere every 10 m depth). This relatively uniform distribution of physical factors led to the belief that abyssal plains were very stable habitats where physical and biological processes remained unchanged over sho ...
... useful for photosynthesis does not reach below ~250 m depth) and high pressure (1 atmosphere every 10 m depth). This relatively uniform distribution of physical factors led to the belief that abyssal plains were very stable habitats where physical and biological processes remained unchanged over sho ...
SECTION HEADING - School of Ocean and Earth Science and
... and rapid growth rates and broad dispersal abilities of the resident fauna. Although the deep-sea appears remote from human activities, a variety of anthropogenic forcing factors already impact deep seafloor communities, and these impacts will increase in the near future. The effects of fishing are ...
... and rapid growth rates and broad dispersal abilities of the resident fauna. Although the deep-sea appears remote from human activities, a variety of anthropogenic forcing factors already impact deep seafloor communities, and these impacts will increase in the near future. The effects of fishing are ...
A proposed biogeography of the deep ocean floor
... Murray and Hjort (1912) proposed there was, in fact, some heterogeneity in the distribution of animals over the deep-sea floor. Later expeditions (‘‘Valdivia’’ from Germany and ‘‘Albatross’’ from the United States) showed that many families and genera were widely distributed, but species were not. Ek ...
... Murray and Hjort (1912) proposed there was, in fact, some heterogeneity in the distribution of animals over the deep-sea floor. Later expeditions (‘‘Valdivia’’ from Germany and ‘‘Albatross’’ from the United States) showed that many families and genera were widely distributed, but species were not. Ek ...
3. deep-sea ecosystems: pristine biodiversity reservoir and
... useful for photosynthesis does not reach below ~250 m depth) and high pressure (1 atmosphere every 10 m depth). This relatively uniform distribution of physical factors led to the belief that abyssal plains were very stable habitats where physical and biological processes remained unchanged over sho ...
... useful for photosynthesis does not reach below ~250 m depth) and high pressure (1 atmosphere every 10 m depth). This relatively uniform distribution of physical factors led to the belief that abyssal plains were very stable habitats where physical and biological processes remained unchanged over sho ...
Chapter 42 Cold-Water Corals
... settle. In many parts of the world ocean, the shelf edge is incised by gullies and submarine canyons (Harris and Whiteway, 2011; Harris et al., 2014). Some prominent examples are located at the canyon-rich slope of the Gulf of Lion off the coast of France (Fabri et al., 2014), the Bay of Biscay und ...
... settle. In many parts of the world ocean, the shelf edge is incised by gullies and submarine canyons (Harris and Whiteway, 2011; Harris et al., 2014). Some prominent examples are located at the canyon-rich slope of the Gulf of Lion off the coast of France (Fabri et al., 2014), the Bay of Biscay und ...
Status and trends of, and threats to, deep seabed genetic
... deep seabed beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; compiles and synthesizes information on the status and trends of, and threats to such genetic resources, and proposes technical options for their protection. The document notes the highly expensive technology required to access deep seabed extr ...
... deep seabed beyond the limits of national jurisdiction; compiles and synthesizes information on the status and trends of, and threats to such genetic resources, and proposes technical options for their protection. The document notes the highly expensive technology required to access deep seabed extr ...
Patterns of life on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge
... It has prominent topographic features, in particular, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This feature largely determines deepwater circulation patterns that connect this ocean to the North Atlantic, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Yet very little is known about biodiversity patterns in the South Atlantic ...
... It has prominent topographic features, in particular, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This feature largely determines deepwater circulation patterns that connect this ocean to the North Atlantic, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Yet very little is known about biodiversity patterns in the South Atlantic ...
Full project description - Mar-Eco
... Seamounts -the impact of small scale seafloor topography Seamounts are undersea mountains, which rise steeply from the sea bottom to below sea level. They have an elevation of more than 1000 m with a limited extent across the summit (Menard 1964). Epp and Smoot (1989) counted as many as 810 seamount ...
... Seamounts -the impact of small scale seafloor topography Seamounts are undersea mountains, which rise steeply from the sea bottom to below sea level. They have an elevation of more than 1000 m with a limited extent across the summit (Menard 1964). Epp and Smoot (1989) counted as many as 810 seamount ...
MAPA TOPOBATIMTRICO EN RELIEVE
... Figure 10.- The Chella Bank, also known as Seco de Los Olivos can be taken as a “Guyot”. In its upper part, flatted by the quaternary erosion, rocks and carbonated growths of coralproducing nature were placed later. In the figure, numerous peaks and outcrops, which are also of volcanic nature, aroun ...
... Figure 10.- The Chella Bank, also known as Seco de Los Olivos can be taken as a “Guyot”. In its upper part, flatted by the quaternary erosion, rocks and carbonated growths of coralproducing nature were placed later. In the figure, numerous peaks and outcrops, which are also of volcanic nature, aroun ...
Why the world needs a on high-seas bottom trawling
... are poorly equipped to adapt or respond to them. It is especially unfortunate that nearshore over-fishing and habitat destruction have shifted fishing to the last places on Earth where marketable fish with firm white flesh are found: seamounts, mid-ocean ridges, continental slopes and banks in the d ...
... are poorly equipped to adapt or respond to them. It is especially unfortunate that nearshore over-fishing and habitat destruction have shifted fishing to the last places on Earth where marketable fish with firm white flesh are found: seamounts, mid-ocean ridges, continental slopes and banks in the d ...
State Responsibility and the High Seas Marine Environment: A
... heavily fished undersea mountains known as seamounts. The pronouncement by the General Assembly, while certainly a positive step, is another unfortunate example of short-sighted fisheries management: instead of creating a legitimate protection regimesuch as a moratorium or a system of High Seas Mari ...
... heavily fished undersea mountains known as seamounts. The pronouncement by the General Assembly, while certainly a positive step, is another unfortunate example of short-sighted fisheries management: instead of creating a legitimate protection regimesuch as a moratorium or a system of High Seas Mari ...
The impacts of high seas bottom trawl fisheries
... All life depends (directly or indirectly) on utilising energy either from sunlight or from geochemical sources. The Earth’s surface is characterised by life forms utilising sunlight, and this also applies to the ocean’s shallow layers, which occupy about 70% of the planet’s surface. However only 1% ...
... All life depends (directly or indirectly) on utilising energy either from sunlight or from geochemical sources. The Earth’s surface is characterised by life forms utilising sunlight, and this also applies to the ocean’s shallow layers, which occupy about 70% of the planet’s surface. However only 1% ...
Report of the Working Group on Deep
... fisheries, and likely bottom-set gill nets and long-lines had occurred. The group noted however that ‘seamount’ habitats were likely to include a very wide range of physical and biological conditions, and that extrapolating evidence of damage from elsewhere to ALL seamounts would be unwise. A classi ...
... fisheries, and likely bottom-set gill nets and long-lines had occurred. The group noted however that ‘seamount’ habitats were likely to include a very wide range of physical and biological conditions, and that extrapolating evidence of damage from elsewhere to ALL seamounts would be unwise. A classi ...
Subduction of the Daiichi Kashima Seamount in the Japan Trench
... Fig. 6. Geological cross-section of the main scarp separating the two bodies of the seamount drawn from the analyses of video tapes recorded during the Nautile dives: NA 2-3 (observer: Y. Nakamura) and NA 2-5 (observer: J. Bourgois). The description of samples (bold numbers) are issued from written ...
... Fig. 6. Geological cross-section of the main scarp separating the two bodies of the seamount drawn from the analyses of video tapes recorded during the Nautile dives: NA 2-3 (observer: Y. Nakamura) and NA 2-5 (observer: J. Bourgois). The description of samples (bold numbers) are issued from written ...
on the edge of the abyss
... The continents do not simply stop at the coasts. From the beach, continents slope gently toward the deep sea, forming the continental shelf, which may extend for only a few to several hundred miles from shore. At roughly 200 meters deep, the seafloor drops off sharply, and is then considered the con ...
... The continents do not simply stop at the coasts. From the beach, continents slope gently toward the deep sea, forming the continental shelf, which may extend for only a few to several hundred miles from shore. At roughly 200 meters deep, the seafloor drops off sharply, and is then considered the con ...
Seamount
A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Seamounts are typically formed from extinct volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from the seafloor to 1,000–4,000 metres (3,300–13,100 ft) in height. They are defined by oceanographers as independent features that rise to at least 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) above the seafloor, characteristically of conical form. The peaks are often found hundreds to thousands of meters below the surface, and are therefore considered to be within the deep sea. During their evolution over geologic time, the largest seamounts may reach the sea surface where wave action erodes the summit to form a flat surface. After they have subsided and sunk below the sea surface such flat-top seamounts are called ""guyots"" or ""tablemounts""A total of 9,951 seamounts and 283 guyots, covering a total area of 8,796,150 km2 have been mapped but only a few have been studied in detail by scientists. Seamounts and guyots are most abundant in the North Pacific Ocean, and follow a distinctive evolutionary pattern of eruption, build-up, subsidence and erosion. In recent years, several active seamounts have been observed, for example Loihi in the Hawaiian Islands.Because of their abundance, seamounts are one of the most common oceanic ecosystems in the world. Interactions between seamounts and underwater currents, as well as their elevated position in the water, attract plankton, corals, fish, and marine mammals alike. Their aggregational effect has been noted by the commercial fishing industry, and many seamounts support extensive fisheries. There are ongoing concerns on the negative impact of fishing on seamount ecosystems, and well-documented cases of stock decline, for example with the orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus). 95% of ecological damage is done by bottom trawling, which scrapes whole ecosystems off seamounts.Because of their large numbers, many seamounts remain to be properly studied, and even mapped. Bathymetry and satellite altimetry are two technologies working to close the gap. There have been instances where naval vessels have collided with uncharted seamounts; for example, Muirfield Seamount is named after the ship that struck it in 1973. However, the greatest danger from seamounts are flank collapses; as they get older, extrusions seeping in the seamounts put pressure on their sides, causing landslides that have the potential to generate massive tsunamis.