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Announcements • Contracts? OHs 4-5pm • Group work: “Marriage is hard work” meet/eat/speak + “More brains” teach/don’t compete • Stand up- if read, took notes, & studied • Who already started writing their paper? • Tips on DRAFT1: find role, focus, consult I to A, science=prediction, turnitin.com What is a 4.0? In the university grading system If a student does what was asked of them on an assignment and does a pretty good job that's what grade? a. 4.0 b. 3.5 c. 3.0 d. 2.5 e. other What is a 4.0? In the university grading system • 2.0-2.5 "Pretty Good" the student did the work required and a pretty good job, the average in the class. What is a 4.0? In the university grading system • The “4.0” is Outstanding, is the student blew you away with how much and how well they did the work. They taught you something. • A “3.5” is Most Excellent every detail of their work was done extremely well and they found additional papers and evidence beyond what they were told/expected to do, to complete their work. • A “3.0” is Excellent is impressive work, top of the class, and their work was done extremely well but not beyond what expected. • 2.0-2.5 "Pretty Good" the student did the work required and a pretty good job, the average in the class. Let’s play “You teach the class.” (get ready to explain sickle cell) Fig. 23-17 Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0–2.5% Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a parasitic unicellular eukaryote) 2.5–5.0% 5.0–7.5% 7.5–10.0% 10.0–12.5% >12.5% Benefits of sickle cell? Frequencies of the sickle-cell allele 0–2.5% Distribution of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (a parasitic unicellular eukaryote) 2.5–5.0% 5.0–7.5% 7.5–10.0% 10.0–12.5% >12.5% Fig. 17-22 Wild-type hemoglobin DNA C T T 3 5 G A A Mutant hemoglobin DNA C A T 5 3 G T A 3 5 mRNA 5 5 3 mRNA G A A Normal hemoglobin Glu 3 5 G U A Sickle-cell hemoglobin Val 3 Fig. 5-22 Normal hemoglobin Primary structure Val His Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Secondary and tertiary structures subunit Function Normal hemoglobin (top view) Secondary and tertiary structures 1 2 3 Normal red blood cells are full of individual hemoglobin moledules, each carrying oxygen. 6 7 subunit Sickle-cell hemoglobin Function Molecules interact with one another and crystallize into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is greatly reduced. 10 µm Red blood cell shape 5 Exposed hydrophobic region Molecules do not associate with one another; each carries oxygen. 4 Quaternary structure Val His Leu Thr Pro Val Glu Quaternary structure Sickle-cell hemoglobin Primary structure 10 µm Red blood cell shape Fibers of abnormal hemoglobin deform red blood cell into sickle shape. Fig. 20-10 Quiz tomorrow will focus on the Figures Normal -globin allele 175 bp DdeI Sickle-cell allele Large fragment 201 bp DdeI Normal allele DdeI DdeI Large fragment Sickle-cell mutant -globin allele 376 bp DdeI 201 bp 175 bp Large fragment 376 bp DdeI (a) DdeI restriction sites in normal and sickle-cell alleles of -globin gene DdeI (b) Electrophoresis of restriction fragments from normal and sickle-cell alleles Ribosomes So what does a bacteria cell have & we don’t? Plasmids Cytoplasm Chromosome Flagellum Plasma membrane Cell wall So what does a bacteria cell have & we don’t? A. The plasma membrane surrounding it B. Chromosomes with DNA to make RNA C. Ribosomes making proteins D. The cell wall surrounding it E. None of the above are correct Nucleus Plasma membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum What does animal cell have that plants don’t? Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Bacteria Cell wall What does animal cell have that plants don’t? A. A single plasma membrane surrounding it B. Mitochondria C. A true Nucleus D. The cell wall surrounding it E. None of the above