* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 11-1 The Work of Gregory Mendel
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
11-1 The Work of Gregory Mendel Flora I Genetics Genetics – the study of heredity Essential to understanding biology Mendel Mendel knew the following: Each part of each flower produces pollen (anther) Other portions produce female reproduction cells The two join and fertilization occurs Gametes – sex cell Fertilization – male and female reproduction cells join to form a new cell True-breeding – if allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves Genes and Dominance Mendel studied plant traits Trait – specific characteristic of an organism Ex: seed color, plant height, etc. Mendel studied 7 traits: ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Seed shape Seed color Seed coat Pod shape Pod color Flower position Plant height Cont. Mendel crossed plants with these seven contrasting traits and studied their offspring Parents – called “P” generation Offspring – called “F1” generation A cross between parents with different traits are known as hybrids Mendel’s Two Conclusions 1. Biological inheritance is determined by factors that are passed on from one generation to the next These traits are called genes Genes – sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein thus determining the trait Some genes have contrasting forms called alleles Alleles – one of a number of different forms of a gene Cont. Mendel’s Two Conclusions 2. The principal of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive An organism with a dominant allele for a specific trait will always exhibit that form of that trait. Recessive alleles will only exhibit that trait when the dominant allele is absent Ex: Mendel’s Experiment Segregation Did the alleles present in the P generation disappear from the F1 generation? Mendel allowed 7 kinds of F1 hybrid plants to self-pollinate producing an F2 generation See page 265 Law of Segregation when any individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate, so that each gamete receives only one copy. A gamete will receive one allele or the other Each F1 plant produces two types of gametes Ex: Tt x Tt