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GENETICS
NOTES
Detached Earlobes
Cleft Chin
Roll Tongue
Color Blind
Dimples
Straight Hairline
Genetics is the scientific study of heredity.
Heredity is the
process in which
characteristics are
passed from the
parent to the
offspring (Mom
or Dad to Child).
Traits are an organisms physical
characteristics.
Ex: eye color, height, nose shape
These traits are inherited on
CHROMOSOMES (hold DNA inherited
from parents)
Traits are controlled by a small section
of your DNA (our genetic code)
We call that section, a GENE!
(The small segments of a DNA
molecule that contain specific trait
information)
The different
forms, or parts of
a gene are called
alleles
Alleles
Some genes have different forms, these are known
as alleles.
Example: Take hair color
as an example. The alleles
for red hair are different to
the alleles for brown hair,
and these are different to
the alleles for blond hair.
The allele combinations
that you possess are
responsible for your unique
mix of characteristics.
Alleles are represented by letters
Usually, letters represent dominant
alleles and lower case letter represent
recessive alleles.
Dominant allele is the one whose trait
always shows up.
Recessive allele is hidden, or covered
up, whenever a dominant allele is
around
(The only time you see a recessive alleles
trait is when there are two recessive alleles
and no dominant).
Heterozygous means Different Genes
(alleles)
Example: Tt
Homozygous means Same Genes (alleles)
Example: TT or tt
Genotype
The code of your genes (Ex. Tt, EE)
Phenotype
Physical appearance (brown hair)
Question 1
What is the passing of genetic instructions from one
generation to the next known as?
A) Allele transfer
B) Genetic transfer
C) Heredity
D) Heredity traits
Question 1
What is the passing of genetic instructions from one
generation to the next known as?
A) Allele transfer
B) Genetic transfer
C) Heredity
D) Heredity traits
Question 2
“Genes store the information that causes heredity
traits to pass from one generation to the next."
Is this statement true or false?
Answer true or false.
Question 2
“Genes store the information that causes heredity
traits to pass from one generation to the next."
Is this statement true or false?
Answer true or false.
True
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
In asexual reproduction, only one parent
is needed to produce offspring. The
offspring will be IDENTICAL to the
parent.
Things that reproduce asexually include:
1. one celled organisms (like bacteria)
2. some plants
3. some frogs
In sexual reproduction, two parents
are needed to produce offspring.
The offspring will NOT be identical to
the parents.
THE END