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Warm-up
Reflecting on the Genetics Unit, draw
one of the following:
1. A Venn Diagram of Mitosis and
Meiosis
2. A flow-chart describing the steps
of recombinant DNA technology
Chimera: An organism or tissue
created by 2 different genetic sources
Selective Breeding
Is there a risk to this?
Inbreeding
Decreasing
Variation:
Inbreeding
• What is the benefit
of inbreeding?
Desirable Traits
• What is a possible
risk of inbreeding?
Harmful recessive
alleles for genetic defects are expressed
Hybridization
♀
♂ 2n=22
Donkey
4n=44 Horse
2n=22
2n = 64, n = 32
n=11
2n = 62,
n = 31
3n=33
1 Mule
Can this be
divided to
make
2n = gametes?
63, n = ?
F
Increasing Variation: Mutagens
Breeders can increase
genetic variation by
inducing mutations.
What are some ways one
can induce a mutation?
Radiation
Chemicals
Tools of Molecular Biology
1. DNA Extraction
2. Cutting DNA
– Restriction Enzymes
3. Separating DNA
– Gel Electrophoresis
Restriction Enzymes
Recognition Sequences
DNA Sequence
EcoRI cuts the DNA
into fragments
These are sticky ends
Polymerase Chain Reaction
• How many
copies of DNA
will there be
after six
cycles?
32 copies
• After about 30
cycles?
Over 1 billion!
Transforming Plant Cells
Using your
knowledge of
plants, what might
be a challenge to a
scientist trying to
get foreign DNA
into a plant cell?
The plant cell
wall!
Transforming Animal Cells
• What animal cells
are often used in
the transformation
process?
Egg Cells
Transgenic
Organisms
An enzyme from
fireflies causes this
tobacco plant to glow
Transgenic Animals
• Mice are used to
study human
disease
• Livestock have
growth hormones
• Chicken will be
genetically
modified to resist
bacterial infection
Transgenic Plants
• Insect and weed
resistance can be
transgenically
induced in plants
• Vitamin A can be
added to rice for
nourishing third
world countries