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Download Agenda 06/12/06 1. Notes - Genetics 2. Practice Problems 3
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Agenda 1. Notes - Genetics 2. Marshmallow Monsters 3. Vocabulary strips Warm-Up Question 1. Use the following terms to explain fertilization (haploid, diploid, gamete, zygote, chromosomes)? Vocabulary Genotype Phenotype Heterozygous Homozygous Dominant Recessive Allele Mendel Trait Mendelian Genetics Why do we look like our parents and grandparents? Gregor Mendel… He’s THE MAN • He studied heredity, how characteristics or traits are passed from parents to offspring. • To find out about heredity, Mendel studied pea plants. Pea Plant Why are some flowers purple and others white? Trait Trait • A type of characteristic. • Example: Flower color, Plant height Eye shape, Hair color • What determines which traits you will have and which your kids will have? Gene • The genetic information on a chromosome for a characteristic. • We have 2 copies Genes of each gene, one from mom and one from dad. Mom Dad Gene for hair Allele • Allele: Different forms of a gene. • Different alleles code for different traits. Example Flower Color W = Purple w = white Mom Dad W w Dominant Allele Mom Dad • Dominant Allele prevents other Dominant genes from showing their traits. • These are written with Capital B Letters. (like B, R, W) b Example of Dominance • Pea plants may carry one allele from dad w for white flowers and one from mom W for purple flowers. • Because W is dominant, the baby pea plant will have purple flowers. Mom Dad W w Recessive Gene • Recessive Gene does not show its trait when there is a dominant gene. • These are written with lowercase letters. a, b, c Mom Dad Recessive B b Example of Recessive Inheritance • If a pea plant has WW or Ww they have a dominant gene and will have purple flowers. • However if the pea plant has two recessive genes ww, their flowers will be white. Mom Dad w w Genotype • Genotype: The genes or alleles we have for a certain trait. Example • WW, Ww, or ww • Homozygous - same (WW or ww) • Heterozygous - different (Ww) Phenotype • The physical trait that is shown. • The phenotype is determined by the genotype. Example • White flower, purple flower • Brown eyes, blue eyes Genotype and Phenotype Purple Flower WW or Ww White Flower ww We do not know which genes we are going to pass to our children. Mom Dad Aa Aa AA Aa Aa aa Can you roll your tongue? Agenda Mendel Letter Bikini Bottom Worksheet Oompha Loopa Genetics Giants Blue hair (B) is dominant to Eagles Green hair (b). 1. Write out the homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous genotypes. 2. What is the phenotype for a Bb individual? Law of Segregation • Before meiosis, the original parent cell has 2 of every allele. • During meiosis, the parent cell divides to form a gamete (sperm or eggs) which have only 1 of every allele. E H E = brown eyes H = black hair e = blue eyes e h = red hair h H e h H E e E E h e h H Law of Independent Assortment • The separation of one pair of alleles does not influence the separation of another pair of alleles. Generation • All the individuals and offspring born and living at the same time. Do you have a widow’s peak? Are your earlobes attached?