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By: Wajiha Yassin, Matt Doll, Haley Garrison What other elements are commonly associated with each of these four types of macromolecules?? Carbohydrates Always contains P Usually contains no P Always contains N Usually contains no N Often contains S Rarely contains S Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids always contain phosphorus because they have phosphate groups as part of their composition,composed of phosphorous and oxygen. The phosphate groups are needed for the bonds that link the nucleotides together. Carbohydrates don’t contain P, N, or S because… Proteins do not usually contain phosphorus because they are made of amino acids which are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Lipids do not usually contain phosphorus because they are either triglycerides or phospholipids, in which one of the fatty acid chains in a triglyceride has been replaced by a phosphate. This is an example where phosphorous can be used. Triglyceride Phospholipid Proteins always contain nitrogen because proteins are made of amino acids and amino acids have nitrogen. Nucleic acids always contain nitrogen because nucleic acids consist of three parts, one of which is a nitrogen base. The other two parts are a sugar, which is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and a phosphate group, made up of oxygen and phosphorus. Proteins often contain sulfur because amino acids make up proteins and cysteine, an amino acid, has a sulfur in it. Also, the sulfur in cysteine allows the protein to form strong disulfide bonds in the tertiary structure of the protein to create links. Cysteine