* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download DNA and Translation Gene
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Transcriptional regulation wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Polyadenylation wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Peptide synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Protein adsorption wikipedia , lookup
Protein (nutrient) wikipedia , lookup
Molecular evolution wikipedia , lookup
Bottromycin wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Messenger RNA wikipedia , lookup
Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup
Transfer RNA wikipedia , lookup
DNA and Translation • Gene: section of DNA that creates a specific protein – Approx 25,000 human genes • Proteins are used to build cells and tissue • Protein synthesis involves two processes: 1) Transcription 2) Translation • Transcription takes place in the nucleus – 1) DNA double helix is broken apart – 2) mRNA nucleotides match up – 3) Finished mRNA detaches, and moves to a ribosome • Codon: Combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides • Each mRNA codon matches with 1 of 20 amino acids • Ribosome reads codons 1 at a time • Codon GUU = Valine • Codon AUG = Methionine (Start) • Codons UAA or UAG or UGA = Stop • Defined: Process of making proteins – Step 1: mRNA enters ribosome – Step 2: Ribosome reads one mRNA codon at a time – Step 3: tRNA delivers amino acids until a protein is created Translation Details • tRNA carries over the • Translation begins proper amino acid when the mRNA – tRNA anticodon codon “AUG” is read matches with the by the ribosome mRNA codon • Each mRNA codon • One by one, amino acids matches with a are linked together specific amino acid • Translation ends when a – AUG = methionine “stop” codon is read by – GCU = alanine the ribosome • End result: Polypeptide (Protein) Methionine Proline Serine Proline Glycine tRNA tRNA tRNA tRNA tRNA tRNA UAC GGC UCA GGU CCU AGA Serine GAU AUG CCG AGU CCA GGA UCU UGA Ribosome Practice Problem Always use mRNA to find the amino acid DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino Acid Practice Problem Always use mRNA to find the amino acid DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino Acid Practice Problem Always use mRNA to find the amino acid DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon C C A G G U C C A Amino Acid Quick Review • Every DNA gene codes for a specific protein • Codon/anticodon match guarantees proper amino acid • Many amino acids link to make one protein