Download Basics Terms of Life Science Cells

Basics Terms of Life Science
Cells
• All living organisms contain cells,
which are the fundamental working
units of life.
• A cell can be divided into two parts:
the nucleus and the cytoplasm .
Basics Terms of Life Science
Cells
• Living cells take in food and water.
• Cells can be organized to form
tissues and organs.
Basics Terms of Life Science
DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic acid.
• Basic hereditary unit.
• Coiled up to form a structure
called chromosome.
• Found in the nucleus.
Basics Terms of Life Science
• Control all the cellular activities.
Nucleus
Nucleus containing DNA
containing
DNA
Cytoplasm
(Contains
many other
cellular
structures)
Basics Terms of Life Science
•
•
•
•
The DNA molecule is arranged as a
double helix, which is composed of
nucleotides.
Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a
phosphate and a nitrogenous base.
The DNA sequence is the particular sideby-side arrangement of bases along the
DNA molecule.
The order of bases is important in
determining the characteristics of an
organism.
Basics Terms of Life Science
Genome
• A complete set of genetic materials in
an organism.
Gene
• Specific segment of DNA in
chromosome that encode instructions
on how to make proteins, particularly
enzymes that catalyses the
biochemical reactions inside the body.
Basics Terms of Life Science
Protein
• The major component of cellular
structures and enzymes.
• Enzymes control the metabolic
activities in cells.
Genes
Genesand
andProteins
Proteins
Protein is a
polypeptide,
PROTEINS a kind
ofMACHINE
polymer, made
up of the basic
units of amino
acids. Proteins are
the major
components of
Proteins act alone
cellular
structures
or in complexes
and enzymes.
Control cellular
activities
Enzymes
control
the metabolic
activities in cells.
Genes code
GENES
Cell for
for
protein synthesis
DNA
PROTEINS
Information is
stored In genes
Learn more from the Internet
–DNA structure
–Importance of DNA
–The scientific definition of cloning
–The first clone animal – Dolly, how it
was produced