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Basics Terms of Life Science Cells • All living organisms contain cells, which are the fundamental working units of life. • A cell can be divided into two parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm . Basics Terms of Life Science Cells • Living cells take in food and water. • Cells can be organized to form tissues and organs. Basics Terms of Life Science DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid. • Basic hereditary unit. • Coiled up to form a structure called chromosome. • Found in the nucleus. Basics Terms of Life Science • Control all the cellular activities. Nucleus Nucleus containing DNA containing DNA Cytoplasm (Contains many other cellular structures) Basics Terms of Life Science • • • • The DNA molecule is arranged as a double helix, which is composed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base. The DNA sequence is the particular sideby-side arrangement of bases along the DNA molecule. The order of bases is important in determining the characteristics of an organism. Basics Terms of Life Science Genome • A complete set of genetic materials in an organism. Gene • Specific segment of DNA in chromosome that encode instructions on how to make proteins, particularly enzymes that catalyses the biochemical reactions inside the body. Basics Terms of Life Science Protein • The major component of cellular structures and enzymes. • Enzymes control the metabolic activities in cells. Genes Genesand andProteins Proteins Protein is a polypeptide, PROTEINS a kind ofMACHINE polymer, made up of the basic units of amino acids. Proteins are the major components of Proteins act alone cellular structures or in complexes and enzymes. Control cellular activities Enzymes control the metabolic activities in cells. Genes code GENES Cell for for protein synthesis DNA PROTEINS Information is stored In genes Learn more from the Internet –DNA structure –Importance of DNA –The scientific definition of cloning –The first clone animal – Dolly, how it was produced