Download genes

Homework #1 due 2/7
Bonus #1 due 2/28
The relationship between DNA and genes
a gene - DNA used to produce RNA or protein
promoter
coding region
terminator
non-gene
DNA
Five Perspectives about Genes:
1. Genes act as units of heredity
2. Genes are seen as a cause of disease
3. Genes code for proteins
4. Genes act as switches, controlling
development
5. Genes are replicators (selfish gene)
Visualizing the perspectives about genes
CB 16.2
Different strains of
bacteria are injected
into mice.
CB 16.2
Visualizing the perspectives about genes
CB 16.2
Visualizing the perspectives about genes
CB 16.2
Visualizing the perspectives about genes
What has happened to the
bacteria?
CB 16.2
Visualizing the perspectives about genes
1. Genes act as units of heredity
2. Genes are seen as a cause of disease
3. Genes code for proteins
4. Genes act as switches, controlling
development
5. Genes are replicators (selfish gene)
Chains of DNA can store information:
The relationship between DNA and genes
a gene - DNA used to produce RNA or protein
promoter
coding region
terminator
non-gene
DNA
CB 5.25
Genes are the
parts of DNA
that contain
information.
Protein
In cells, DNA is a double-stranded helix
CB 16.7
Five Definitions of Genes:
1. Genes act as units of heredity
2. Genes are seen as a cause of disease
3. Genes code for proteins
4. Genes act as switches, controlling
development
5. Genes are replicators (selfish gene)
Proteins are the
“doers” of the cell.
They act as:
•Enzymes
•Structural Support
•Transporters
•Signals
Proteins are a
string of amino
acids
CB 5.20
4 nucleotides
in DNA
?
CB 16.5
20 amino acids in proteins
CB 5.17
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio
(nucleotide:amino acid)
1:1
Possible combinations
41
4
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio
(nucleotide:amino acid)
1:1
2:1
Possible combinations
41
4
42
16
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio
(nucleotide:amino acid)
1:1
2:1
3:1
Possible combinations
41
4
42
16
43
64
How can 4 nucleotides code for 20 amino acids?
IF
Ratio
(nucleotide:amino acid)
1:1
2:1
3:1
Possible combinations
41
4
42
16
43
64
•There are more possible combinations than
amino acids.
CB 17.4
Combinations of
3 nucleotides
code for each 1
amino acid in a
protein.
CB 17.5
the Genetic Code
Changes in DNA can change the protein
Changes in
DNA can
change the
protein
The fat cat ate the rat.
change one letter
The zat cat ate the rat.
The fat cat ate the rat.
change one letter
The zat cat ate the rat.
delete one letter
The atc ata tet her at.
CB 17.4
Combinations of
3 nucleotides
code for each 1
amino acid in a
protein.
CB 5.25
How is
DNA used
to make
proteins
and RNA?
Protein
Both
proteins
and RNA
are
involved
in the
processes.
Differences between
DNA and RNA
CB 5.25
How is
DNA used
to make
proteins
and RNA?
Protein
Both
proteins
and RNA
are
involved
in the
processes.
CB 5.25
Genes act as
switches.
The information
in genes is what
to make and
when to make it.
Protein
Genes have three basic parts
a gene
promoter
coding region
terminator
non-gene
DNA
CB 5.25
Genes contain
the information
to make RNA
and/or proteins.
Genes act as
switches.
The information
in genes is what
to make and
when to make it.
Protein
For life to exist,
the information
(genes) must be
passed on.
1. Genes act as units of
heredity
5. Genes are replicators
(selfish gene)
CB 13.5
Homework #1 due 2/7
Bonus #1 due 2/28