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Download biol 3 biomolecules table activity
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PROTEINS (POLYPEPTIDES) NUCLEOTIDES POLYSACCHARIDES NUCLEIC ACIDS POLYSACCHARIDES LIPIDS NUCLEIC ACIDS PROTEINS AMINO ACIDS LIPIDS PROTEINS FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL LIPIDS NUCLEIC ACIDS CARBOHYDRATES (POLYSACCHARIDES, COMPLEX SUGARS) STRUCTURAL fibrous protein that provides elasticity to skin. Ratio of H:O is not 2:1 but varies. MONOSACCHARIDES GLYCOGEN (or animal starch): Contain the elements CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN and SULPHUR. HAEMOGLOBIN: Are NOT considered to be polymers, as there are a variety of structural units. Generally INSOLUBLE in water. Primary role is that of storing of energy. Nitrogenous bases of DNA are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine. In RNA Uracil replaces Thymine. structurally similar to fats but a phosphate group replaces one of the fatty acid chains, thus giving this molecule a POLAR and NONPOLAR region. Structurally form two layers to create the plasma membrane vital to all cells. INSULIN: Ratio of H:O is always 2:1. 2 main classes are GLOBULAR and FIBROUS. Four structural levels: PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY and QUATERNARY. chemically identical to starch but has more branches of glucose chains. Also used for energy storage. Y-shaped globular protein that is involved in the immune response by specifically binding to foreign substances. is the hereditary material that can self replicate and be passed on from parent cell/organism to daughter cell/organism. mRNA carries information in DNA to a ribosome. There are 20 amino acids that differ structurally in the R-GROUP, with only methionine and cysteine containing sulphur. UNSATURATED FATS contain at least one double bond between carbons and exist as liquids at room temperature, eg oils. Two monosaccharides joined together form DISACCHARIDES, such as sucrose (glucose and fructose) and maltose (glucose and glucose). Contain the elements CARBON, HYDROGEN and OXYGEN. globular protein (made of 4 subunit polypeptides) that acts as a TRANSPORT molecule for carrying oxygen. DNA formed from two strands bonded together via HYDROGEN BONDS between complimentary bases. a polymer of glucose that plants use as a structural material. Differs structurally by the presence of crosslinking between glucose chains. Most animals cannot hydrolyse (breakdown) cellulose into glucose units. comes in a variety of forms varying in function. globular protein involved in REGULATION by acting as an ENZYME. IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY: Contain the elements CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN and PHOSPHOROUS. simplest is CHOLESTEROL that consists of a 4 ringed carbon structure and has a structural role in the plasma membrane. Other steroids act as HORMONES, eg testosterone and progesterone. SATURATED FATS contain no double bonds between carbons and exist as solids at room temperature. Bonds between monosaccharides are called GLYCOSIDIC BONDS. Can also be added to lipids to form glycolipids and to proteins to form glycoproteins. Used as a means for cell communication. Most diverse in structure, role and function of all biomolecules. STARCH (amylose): As a monomer, primarily role is that of an energy source. contains the information (in genes) for the instructions for making proteins. Monosaccharides form carbon-ring structures (5C= fructose or 6C = glucose). STEROIDS: Made up of phosphate group, ribose sugar and nitrogenous base. made up of a glycerol bonded to three fatty acid chains (that can be variable in structure). Used for storage of energy and insulation. Bonds between sugar and phosphate group in polymers are called PHOSPHODIESTER BONDS. All contain FATTY ACIDS that consist of chains of carbon and hydrogen. tRNA carries amino acids to ribosome. TRIGLYCERIDES (Fats): PHOSPHOLIPIDS: Bonds between amino acids are called PEPTIDE BONDS. globular protein (made of 2 subunits) involved in REGULATION by acting as a HORMONE that stimulates uptake of glucose from blood. CATALASE: CELLULOSE: 3-dimensional shape is critical to the functioning of a protein. a string of glucose monomers. Used by plants for energy storage. rRNA is a structural component of ribosomes. Two main types: DNA and RNA. Contain the elements CARBON, HYDROGEN and OXYGEN. COLLAGEN: PHOSPHOLIPID GENERAL STRUCTURE FATTY ACIDS GLYCINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY TRIGLYCERIDE RNA RIBOSE (C5H10O5) CYSTEINE STARCH GUANINE GLYCOGEN URACIL CELLULOSE GLYCEROL CHOLESTEROL FRUCTOSE (C6H12O6) INSULIN COLLAGEN HAEMOGLOBIN CATALASE DNA