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DNA PROTEIN The Story of Protein Synthesis DNA PROTEIN • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh2 0rGY DNA PROTEIN • DNA contains instructions for copying itself • DNA also contains instructions for – Making mRNA (Messenger RNA) – Making proteins (but ribsomes do the work) • DNA = double strand, RNA = single strand DNA PROTEIN • DNA’s genetic message = specific order of nucleotides on the DNA chain – They’re not just stuck randomly stuck on! • Nucleotide order (or sequence) is a coded language – Code determines an organism’s traits DNA PROTEIN • TRANSCRIPTION MAKES mRNA – Transcription = making a copy • TRANSLATION MAKES PROTEINS – Translation = reading the copy & putting it in a different “language” – RIBOSOMES DO THIS • DNA mRNA PROTEIN DNA PROTEIN Transcription • DNA is unzipped • mRNA strand is made (synthesized) kind of like DNA is made during replication • mRNA uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T) – In transcription (A+U) and (C+G) DNA PROTEIN Transcription • WHY CAN’T PROTEINS JUST BE TRANSLATED RIGHT FROM DNA? – Using RNA provides protection for DNA & its info – Using RNA allows more protein copies to be made at the same time – BLUEPRINT EXAMPLE DNA PROTEIN Transcription • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtYz_3r kvPk DNA PROTEIN Translation • In translation, RIBOSOMES read the “code” and make chains of amino acids based on what the code is telling them. – Chains of amino acids = proteins DNA PROTEIN Translation CRACKING THE CODE • mRNA code is a triplet code – 3 N-bases read together = codon – Codons tell which amino acid to make • AUG = start (or Met) • UAA, UAG, UGA = stop DNA PROTEIN Translation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQYH7 mDqkm0 DNA PROTEIN Translation • DNA says – ACCAAACCG • RNA replies – UGGUUUGGC • Ribosomes make – Trp-Phe-Gly