Download Macromolecules

Starter
• What are the differences between a
dehydration and hydrolysis reaction?
• What are the properties that make water so
important?
• What are the 4 major macromolecules?
• What are the two parts to a chemical
reaction?
• Read 5.2
• Concept Check 1 and 3
Starter
• How do you differentiate between a
dehydration and hydrolysis reaction?
• Name the 4 major macromolecules.
Starter
• What do you need to know for each
macromolecule?
• What are the names of the people you sit
with?
• What are the common elements found in the
macromolecules?
Starter
• How do animals store sugar?
• What does hydrophobic mean?
Starter
• What are enzymes and what do they do?
• What is the monomer of a protein? What
holds two of those monomers together?
What are Macromolecules?
• Large Molecules formed by joining many
subunits together.
– Polymers
• Built by Dehydration Synthesis
– Water Out
• Broken by Hydrolysis
– Water In
Macromolecules
What you need to know…
• For each Macromolecule
– Function
– Structure
– Example(s)
Types of Organic Macromolecules
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•
•
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
• Common Elements found in each:
– C, H, N, O, P, S
Carbohydrates -- Function
• Main fuel supply for cellular work
Carbohydrate Structure
• Made of sugar molecules
– Composed of
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
Examples of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides – simple sugars
– 1 sugar unit
– Ex: glucose
• Disaccharides – double sugar
– 2 monosaccharides
– Ex: Sucrose
• Polysaccharides – complex carbohydrate
– Ex: starch
Glucose
Sucrose
Starch
Stored Sugar
• Organisms break sugars down
– Use what they need
– Store what they don’t
• Animals – Glycogen
• Plants – Starch
Lipids -- Function
• Hydrophobic
• Not a true polymer
• Function
– Energy Storage
– Cell Membrane
Structure
Lipid Structure
• C, H, O
• General Fat structure
• 3 carbon backbone attached to three fatty acids
– Saturated – all three fatty acids chains have maximum
number of Hydrogen atoms
• Butter
– Unsaturated – contain less than the maximum number
of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid
chains
• fruits
Examples of Lipids
• Steroids
– Estrogen
– Testosterone
– Cholesterol
• Fats
• Oils
Proteins -- Function
• Responsible for almost all day-to-day
functioning of organisms
• Structural (bones, skin, hair, nails, muscle)
• Enzymes
– Speed up chemical reactions
• Long-term nutrient storage
Protein Structure
• Made up of Amino
Acids
– Linked together by
peptide bonds
• Polypeptide
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•
•
•
•
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
What makes Proteins unique?
• All proteins are the same EXCEPT
– The R-Group
• Determines the proteins function
Nucleic Acids - Function
1. Stores Genetic
Information
2. Directs protein
synthesis
Nucleic Acids -- Structure
• C, H, O, N and P
• Made of nucleotides (monomer)
– Sugar, phosphate, and base (A, T, G, C, U)
• Double Helix
Examples of Nucleic Acids
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Ribonucleic Acid
– DNA
• RNA