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BCM 410A - lecture 1 • Drugs - ethanol • Dwarfism • Myocardial infarction • Aspirin The body works at the molecular level Molecules are organized into cells Cells are organized into organs Small molecules in the body Biological macromolecules BCM 410A - vital statistics Instructors: Michael J. Holland Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: 752-3570 Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: email: 752-3570 [email protected] Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: email: 752-3570 [email protected] reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: email: 752-3570 [email protected] reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: email: 752-3570 [email protected] reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy lecture “slides” Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: email: 752-3570 [email protected] reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy lecture “slides” WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.edu Welcome to BCM 410A Instructors: Michael J. Holland Harry R. Matthews John W.B. Hershey Larry Hjelmeland Michael Hanley office hours: noon - 12:45 pm and 4:30 - 5:30 pm office: room 4125 MS1A telephone: email: 752-3570 [email protected] reviews: Tuesdays, 5:00 pm, 2428/30 study aids: MoBy lecture “slides” WWW sites: http://moby.ucdavis.edu http://medtstgo.ucdavis. edu/Resource.htm The body works at the molecular level Our food is broken down to small molecules before use by the body Organs and cells communicate through molecules circulating in the blood stream—hormones Molecules can have dramatic effects—drugs (glycogen, fat), stored Energy is transported (triglycerides, glucose) (ATP) used at the molecular level. Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Golgi complex: a structure where proteins are processed and sorted on their way to other organelles or to the exterior of the cell. Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Nucleus: a separate compartment containing the DNA and the processes of RNA and DNA synthesis Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Mitochondria: structures involved in the synthesis of ATP to provide energy for the cell Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Nuclear envelope: the membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm Cytoplasm: the solution between the plasma membrane and the other organelles Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Plasma membrane: the membrane that separates the interior of the cell from its exterior Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplas reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: cytoplasmic membrane structure Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Ribosomes: macromolecular complexes that synthesize proteins Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane Pore complex: pores in the nuclear membrane that allow small molecules to pass but regulate the passsage of large molecules pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus pore complex mitochondrion nucleolus nuclear envelope plasma membrane Nucleolus: a structure inside the nucleus where specific RNA molecules are synthesized rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasm reticulum vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum: regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) that are coated with ribosomes Molecules are organized into cells Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes nucleus mitochondrion nuclear envelope plasma membrane pore complex nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle Vesicle: a variety of additional structures in the cytoplasm used for storage or transport or specialized enzyme reactions, e.g. lysozomes, peroxisomes Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleolus Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum Molecules are organized into cells Cell from the pancreas Note: plasma membrane mitochondria nucleus nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex human lymphocyte מיטוכונדריה גופיף גולג’י ממברנה פלסמטית גרעין רטיקולום אנדופלסמט י Cells are organized into organs Cell of endocrine gland hormone molecules Capilliary network Target cells Note 3 organ systems in picture (a): i) endocrine gland (a) ii) blood stream iii) target organ Cells are organized into organs Note 3 organ systems in picture (b): Stimulus Neurosecretory cells hormone molecules Target cells i) neurosecretory cells ii) blood stream iii) target organ Capilliary network (b) Myocardial infarction Creatine kinase (CK) activity in the blood after a myocardial infarction days after infarction Clinical correlate - dwarfism growth hormone A defect in the pituitary can lead to inadequate production of growth hormone. Children with this disease grow very slowly but injections of human growth hormone restore normal growth. Aspirin - a clinically valuable small molecule acetyl salicylate acetyl group Aspirin - a clinically valuable small molecule prostaglandin synthase inflammation Aspirin - a clinically valuable small molecule prostaglandin synthase + enzyme - NH2 acetyl salicylate + enzyme - NH - CO - CH3 salicylate acetylated prostaglandin synthase Aspirin - a clinically valuable small molecule prostaglandin synthase + enzyme - NH2 inflammation + enzyme - NH - CO - CH3 acetylated prostaglandin synthase Aspirin - a clinically valuable small molecule prostaglandin synthase inflammation + enzyme - NH2 acetyl salicylate + enzyme - NH - CO - CH3 salicylate acetylated prostaglandin synthase Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: • methyl groups • hydroxyl groups • carbonyl groups • carboxyl groups • amino groups Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups -CH3 carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups CH3-CH2-OH ethanol Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups -OH carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups CH3-CH2-OH ethanol Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups carbonyl groups carboxyl groups amino groups -C=O H -C=O aldehyde ketone Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups -COO -C-OH hydroxyl groups O carbonyl groups -C-O- carboxyl groups O amino groups + NH3-CH2-COOglycine Small molecules in the body Common building blocks for small molecules: methyl groups hydroxyl groups -NH+3 carbonyl groups carboxyl groups -NH 2 amino groups + NH3-CH2-COOglycine Small molecules in the body Four classes of small molecules: • sugars • fatty acids • amino acids • nucleotides Small molecules in the body Four classes of small molecules: sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides glucose Small molecules in the body Four classes of small molecules: sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides A hydrocarbon chain with a distinct head group, in this case a carboxyl group. stearic acid Small molecules in the body Four classes of small molecules: sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides + NH3-CH2-COOglycine Small molecules in the body Four classes of small molecules: sugars fatty acids amino acids nucleotides adenosine-5’triphosphate switch to MoBy Biological Macromolecules branch main chain crosslink BCM 410A - lecture 1 • Drugs - ethanol • Dwarfism • Myocardial infarction • Aspirin The body works at the molecular level Molecules are organized into cells Cells are organized into organs Small molecules in the body Biological macromolecules