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Proteins, Fats, and Nucleic
Acids
G8 Science
Chapter 11.2
The Test
Remember it is on Thursday, April 3
And is an open notes test.
Fats
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•
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Provide long term
energy storage ...
...because they take
longer to break
down
Glycerol with stuff
attached
Saturated vs Unsaturated
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•
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Saturated fats have
carbon atoms
surrounded by as many
hydrogen atoms as
possible (bad guys –
solid at room temp)
Unsaturated fats have
double carbon bonds
instead of so many
bonds with hydrogen
(good guys)
Hydrogenated fats have
had hydrogen added to
unsaturated fats.
Proteins
•
•
•
•
•
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Large molecules
Made by connecting amino
acids
20 different ones
Shape of protein fits its
function
Like a key
Your body breaks the
protein you eat into amino
acids and builds the
proteins you need
Some amino acids you can
synthesize, some you can’t
-- depends on the animal
Enzymes
•
•
•
Allow the body to
carry on chemical
reactions at a lower
heat than would be
required without
them
Catalyst
Your body
regulates the
amount of enzymes
to control the rate
DNA and Nucleic Acids
•
•
•
Double helix
Deoxyribose and
phosphate groups
Nitrogen bases
Adenine
o Thymine
o Guanine
o Cytosine
o
•
Groups of three
o
o
TTT
ATG
DNA and Replication
•
•
•
DNA splits down
the middle and
rebuilds each side
Guanine pairs with
Cytosine
Adenine pairs with
Thymine
Vitamins
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Your body does not make
vitamins and minerals
(except D)
Lack of vitamins affect
C -- brain, nervous system
and cellular respiration
D -- bones
B -- metabolism, skin,
immune and nervous
system, cell growth and
division
Folate -- cell division
(anemia)