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Nutritional Needs Taking Charge of Your Health… Nutrition Definitions • Nutrient – A chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. (6 Groups) • Deficiency – Failure to meet your needs. Carbohydrates • Chief source of energy!! • Helps body digest fats. • Types… – Simple Carbohydrates – Complex Carbohydrates • Sources – Sugar, Fiber, Starch (Breads, Cereals) Fats • Types (based on amount of hydrogen) – Saturated (Bad Fats) – Unsaturated (Good Fats) • Carries fat-soluble vitamins. • Insulates the body • Sources – Butter, egg yolks, bacon, etc. Fat in the Body • Cholesterol – – – – – Connected to Fat nutrient. Found in every cell. Part of skin tissue. Aids in transportation of fatty acids. Needed to protect hormones. – Your body makes all that you need…you do not need to ingest cholesterol as part of a healthy diet! Proteins • Builds and repairs tissues. • Made up of Amino Acids – 20 total Amino Acids – 9 are “Essential Amino Acids” • Extreme Deficiency – Kwashiorkor – Symptoms: Stunted growth, bulging abdomen (Can lead to death). • NOT COMMON IN MOST INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS! Protein Cont. • Types – Complete Protein (Has all 9 Essential) • Sources: Meat, poultry, fish, eggs – Incomplete Protein (Missing 1 or more) • Sources: Grains, peanuts, legumes Vitamins • Fat-Soluble – Dissolves in Fat – Builds up in body. – Can reach dangerous levels. (NOT COMMON) – Vitamins A, D, E, K • Water-Soluble – Dissolves in Water – Body does not store. – Need daily intake. – Vitamin C and B-Complex Vitamins Minerals • Makes up 4% of body weight. • Becomes part of the bones, tissues, and body fluids. • Types – Macrominerals • Calcium, Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium – Microminerals (Trace Elements) • Iron, Iodine, Zinc Water • • • • Aids in proper digestion. Helps cell growth and maintenance. Lubricates joints and body cells. Helps regulate body temperature.