Download Organic Molecules

Large carbon based molecules!
•Has 4 valence e•Can form 4 covalent bonds
•Form long chains
•Form ring structures
Polymers – large molecules made up
of smaller unites called monomers.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Polymer
Monomer – smaller unit that is the
building block of a polymer.
Polymer
Monomer
1. Carbohydrates
•Glucose & Fructose
2. Lipids
•None
3. Proteins
•Amino Acid
4. Nucleic Acids
•Nucleotide
Dehydration
synthesis –
linking of
monomer units
to form polymers
by removing
water.
Hydration synthesis – breaking
down of polymer units into monomer
units by adding water.
Structure – sugar made up of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen.
Function – main source of energy for
living things, stored energy as starch
in plants, structure in plants- cellulose.
Monsaccharide – single sugar
(glucose, fructose, or galactose).
Polysaccharide – many sugars
linked together.
Example: Starch, Cellulose
Glycogen – polysaccharides found in
animal muscles and liver.
Starch & Cellulose –
polysaccharides found in plant cells
and cell walls.
Structure – 3 fatty acids and 1
glycerol (contains Carbon, Hydrogen
and Oxygen
Function – Store energy, chemical
messengers, protect/insulate, provide
structure
• Examples: Fats, oils, waxes,
steroids
• Saturated fats: all single
bonds (unhealthy-clogs
arteries) (solids)
• Unsaturated fats: one or
more double bonds (Better
for you) (Liquids)
• Hydrogenated Fats: chemically
changed to saturated fats
Structure –amino acids made from
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
and possibly phosphorus and sulfur
Function – structure, allow
movement, help chemical reactions
(enzymes), antibodies, hormones,
pigments
• Made from 20 different amino
acids
Structure – nucleotides made of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Function – Traits
Examples: DNA and RNA