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Transcript
Ecology: The study of the _____ of organisms with one another and with their _____. Intro to Ecology (3:07) Ecosystems are very complex. They could contain hundreds or thousands of interacting _____. Understanding their _____ can be beneficial for all organisms within that _____. Understanding ecosystems by asking two questions: Where does the _____ for organisms come from? Where do _____ and inorganic substances come from for organisms? Species – an individual (harlequin poison dart frog) Population – group of same _____ living in the same _____ Community – groups of different _____ living in an area (pond community) Ecosystem – communities plus the _____ parts; first level to study nonliving parts Biome – groups of _____ put ogether in a large geographic area; same _____ and similar dominant _____ Biosphere – the _____ and upper _____ where life can be found Autotrophs/Producers The organisms that take in _____ from their surroundings (light, inorganic chemicals) and store it in complex _____. P_____ A_____ B_____ Heterotrophs/Consumers Organisms that obtain their _____ by consuming other _____ A_____ P_____ F_____ B_____ Decomposers Organisms that obtain _____ by consuming organic _____ (feces, urine, dead plants and animals) F_____ B_____ Herbivores: _____ eaters Usually found at the _____ trophic level. Carnivores: _____ eaters Usually found at the _____ trophic level or above. Omnivores: organisms that eat both _____ and _____ Detritovores: organisms that eat dead and decaying _____ _____ Energy pyramid _____ of energy is passed on through each _____ _____; remaining _____ released as _____ or used by organism Biomass pyramid: total amount of _____ _____ within a _____ _____; in this example, 10,000 g/m2 of _____ are required to support only 10 g/m2 of _____ _____ Pyramid of numbers: displays the _____ of organisms located at each _____ _____; can be _____ Food chains show the _____ flow of _____ within an ecosystem; also show _____-_____ relationships (who eats whom) Food web shows the movement of _____ through an _____ in a _____ _____ of feeding _____; more complex and descriptive than a _____ _____ Food Chains/Webs (2:40) Symbiosis = A close long-term _____ between two or more species. Marine Symbiosis (6:00) Parasitism = A relationship between at least two organisms where one derives _____ from the other (the host). Parasite _____; host is _____ Mutualism = A symbiotic relationship in which all participating species _____ Commensalism = is an ecological relationship in which one species _____ and the other is neither _____ nor _____. Crash Course - Ecology (10:00) 78% of the _____ is composed of nitrogen. The nitrogen cycle is the flow of atmospheric _____ through an ecosystem. It is helped by _____-_____ bacteria on the _____ of some plants. Animals then take up the _____ from the plants and return it to the soil in _____ and _____ as well as death (_____). The water cycle is very dependent upon _____. If plants are removed from the cycle many other nutrient cycles will be _____. CO2 in atmosphere from: _____ activity _____ activity _____ (breathing) CO2 from _____ Natural _____ of organic material Plants remove CO2 from both the _____ and _____. Carbon Cycle (2:55) Phosphorus exists mainly in _____ and _____ minerals and in ocean sediments as _____. Phosphorus found in the nucleic acids _____ and _____ Aquatic: Phosphates dissolved by _____ phosphorus goes into bodies of _____ organisms consume the _____. Terrestrial: Phosphorus is taken up by _____; animals then eat plants and obtain _____ Biodiversity = The number of _____ living in an _____ and how common each species is; very important within an ecosystem Importance of Biodiversity (6:50)