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Cells – the smallest structure
that carries out life activities
What are cells?
• Basic unit of structure and function in
living things
• Cells are the smallest living thing that
carry out all the functions of living
things.
• Cells breakdown simple sugar to produce
energy in a process called cellular
respiration
Discovery of Cells
• Robert Hooke was the first to observe
and describe cells (1600’s)
• Hooke observed the cells of cork
• Antoine van Leeuwenhoek was the first
to observe and describe living cells in a
drop of pond water (1600’s)
Cell theory develops
• Matthias Schleiden stated that all
plants are made up of cells (1838)
• Theodore Schwann said the cell is the
basic unit of structure in animals (1839)
• Rudolph Virchow said new cells come
from cells that already exist, cells
divide to make new cells. (1855)
The cell theory
• All living things are made up of one or
more cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure in
living things and cells carry on all life
processes.
• Cells come only from other living cells.
The main parts of a cell
• Cell Membrane –
structure that
surrounds, protects, and
controls what enters
and leaves the cell
• Cytoplasm – gel like
substance inside the cell
where most of the cells
activities occur
• Nucleus – control center
of the cell, contains
DNA
• Nuclear Membrane –
thin structure that
surrounds and protects
the nucleus
Other Cell Parts or Organelles
small structures in the cytoplasm that do a
special job for the cell.
• Mitochondrion
Mitochondria(pl) –
structure that releases
energy, place for
cellular respiration
• Endoplasmic Reticulum –
small network of tubes
inside a cell that
substances move along
• Ribosomes – small round
structures that make
proteins
• Golgi body – packages
and sends materials to
other places in the cell
• Vacuole – space in the
cytoplasm that stores
the different
substances a cell needs
to survive
• Lysosome – small round
structure that breaks
down nutrient molecules
and old cell parts