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10 CMH
Human and Social Biology
CELLS
Crated by Reynaldo Thomas
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson students should :

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Be cognizant that all organisms are made up from cell.
Be cognizant of unspecialized plant and animal cells.
Identify cell organelles.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson students should be able to :



Tell the importance of cells.
Draw simple diagram of unspecialized cells in plant and animal.
Label and state the functions of each cell components.
The cell
 All
organisms are made up of simple basic
units called cells.
 Most
cells are too small
to be seen by the naked
eye.
 Their
structure only
visible when viewed
with a microscope.
The Structure of cells
 Organisms,
such as bacteria and
amoeba are unicellular, consisting
of a single cell.
 They
are able to carry out all the
functions needed to sustain life.
 Example
respiration, nutrition and
Reproduction.
 Most
plants and animals are multicellular
 They
have different types of cell organized
into tissues and then organs.
 The
cells are specialized
to carry out specific
functions.
Specialized Cells In The Human Body
 While many cells make up simple body parts,
such as tissues, some complete more complex
and specialized tasks.


These specialized cells are specially designed to
perform the functions for which they are
intended.
Each of these cell types are formed and operate
differently, ensuring that the cell can carry out
the necessary body function that it is intended
to complete. Example red blood cells, white
blood cells and nerve cells.
Nerve cells


A nerve cell is like a receiver, transmitter and
transmission line with the task of passing a
signal.
Conducts nerve impulses.
Specialized cells of the human body
Epithelial cell



Line the cavities and surfaces of structures in the
body
Form many glands
it help in secretion, selective absorption and
protection
Sperm cell

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Specialize to fertilize egg.
the tail allows the sperm cell to swim towards the
female sex cell.
Egg cells


Have a large nucleus containing genetic
information from the female.
Store food in the cytoplasm.
Red Blood Cells


Transport oxygen from lungs to the body cells
for cellular respiration.
Haemoglobin of the cytoplasm carries the
oxygen.
White Blood Cell
 Also called leucocytes
 Have a nucleus
White blood cells destroys bacteria
 Two types phagocytes and lymphocytes


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Phagocytes engulf microorganisms in a process
called phagocytosis.
Lymphocytes produce
antibodies which kill
microorganisms.
Muscle Cell

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These cells contract so that movement can take
place at joints.
Muscle cells are long.
Specialized Plant Cells
Root hair Cell
 Absorbs minerals and water from the water in the
soil.

The cell’s surface area is increase by the long
root hair.
Xylem Vessel

Transport water throughout the plant.

This cell has no cytoplasm.
Unspecialized cells
1. Without specialty or specialization.
2. Having no special function and found in all
multi cellular organisms.
The Structure of cells
Animal cell
 Has a irregular shape
 Do
not usually have vacuoles but if present,
they are very small.
 Cell
membrane surrounding
the cell contents.
Plant cell


Plant cells has a rectangular shape.
Have all the components of Animal cells and
other parts.

Cell Organelles
Forms the boundary between the cell contents
and the surroundings.

Control the movement of substances into and
out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
All cell activities take place here.

Contains the cell organelles for example

mitochondria and ribosomes.

Nucleus
This is where chromosomes are found

The nucleus controls the cell’s activities.
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Mitochondrion
This is where cellular respiration take place.

Where energy for cell activities are release.
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Cells which are more active contain more
mitochondria.
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Cell wall
This is a non-living layer outside of plants cell
membrane.
The cell wall allow substances to pass through it
freely.
Vacuole
Large in plant cells and contain water (cell sap).
Small and sometimes not permanent in animal
cells.
Chloroplast

The green pigment chlorophyll is found in it.

This is where photosynthesis take place.

Not found in animal cells.
Differences Between Plant And Animal Cell
Cell Parts
Animal cell
Plant cell
Shape
Irregular shape
Rectangular shape
Cell wall
No cell wall
Cell wall present
Vacuole
small vacuole
large vacuole
Chloroplast
No chloroplast
Chloroplast present
Chlorophyll
No chlorophyll
Chlorophyll present