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Mr. Altorfer
Life Science
The Diversity of Cells
Pages 60 to 67
Cells and the Cell Theory
 Cell:
A cell is the smallest unit that
can perform all the processes
necessary for life.
Cells and the Cell Theory
 Robert
Hooke- In 1665 he looked at
a piece of cork under his microscope.
He saw little boxes in the cork that
he called “CELLS.”
Cells and the Cell Theory
 Anton
van Leewenhoek- (1673) A
Dutch merchant who built
microscopes as a hobby.
Cells and the Cell Theory
Euglena
Yeast
Blood Cells
Bacteria
Cells
Cells and the Cell Theory
 Matthias
Schleiden- (1838) A
German scientist who concluded that
all plants are made of cells.
Cells and the Cell Theory
 Theodor
Schwann- (1839) A German
scientist who concluded that all
animals are made of cells.
Cells and the Cell Theory
 Rudolf
Virchow- (1858) A German
doctor who concluded that all cells
come from other cells.
Cells and the Cell Theory
 The
Cell Theory:
– ALL organisms (living things) are made
of one or more cells.
– The cell is the basic unit of all living
things.
– All cells come from already existing
cells. (other cells)
THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THEORY
IN LIFE SCIENCE!!!!!!
Cell Size
 Most
cells are very small!
 Cells have to be small. If cells
become too big, they are unable to
get nutrients and waste material in
or out of the cell!
Parts of a Cell
 The
Cell Membrane- A protective
layer that covers the cell’s surface
and acts a barrier. The cell
membrane controls what enters and
exits the cell.
Parts of a Cell
 Organelles-
Small parts of the cell
that perform different jobs inside a
cell. Organelles are similar to the
organs in your body, only smaller.
 Examples: Nucleus, mitochondria.
We will learn more about these in a
few days. Relax!
Parts of a Cell
 DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)- All cells
contain genetic material in the form
of DNA.
 DNA carries the information
necessary for the cell to function and
to make more copies of the cell.
Two Kinds of Cells
 Prokaryotic
Cells- Single celled
organisms that do not have a an
organized nucleus or membranebound organelles.
 Examples: Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria
Archaea
Two Kinds of Cells
 Eukaryotic
Cells- Cells that contain
a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles.
 Eukaryotes- Organisms that contain
eukaryotic cells.
– Examples: People, plants, algae and
Protists (amoeba)
Amoeba
Algae