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1. At times the level of
glucose rises above the
set point
2. When this happens
the pancreas secretes
insulin into the blood.
3. Insulin opens the
gated channels for
glucose on all body
cells and triggers the
liver to store glucose as
glycogen. As a result,
the blood glucose drops
4. At others times, the
glucose level falls
below the set point.
4. At others times, the
glucose level falls
below the set point.
Which triggers the
pancreas to release
glucagon.
5. Glucagon causes the
glucose transport
proteins to close and
triggers the liver to
convert glycogen to
glucose.
6. Blood glucose rises
Mutant gene for appetite
Giraffe eating bones to
obtain phosphorus
Suspension-feeding
Substrate-feeding
Fluid-feeding
Bulk-feeding
Intracellular
Digestion
Extracellular
Digestion and then
phagocytosis and
Intracellular
Various alimentary canals
Oral sphincter
sphincter
ileocecal
sphincter
anal sphincter
Slide 139
Tongue
Fungiform papillae
(taste buds)
body wall
parietal
peritoneum
visceral
peritoneum
digestive
tract wall
mesentery
artery
vein
Slide 143
Esophagus
Lu-lumen
Mu-mucosa
Su-submucosa
Memuscularous
externa
Ad-serosa
Slide 144
Esophagus
SS-stratified squamous
LP-lamina propria
MM-muscularis mucosa
Su-submucosa
ME-muscularis external
Ad-serosa
Rugae
Slide 147
Stomach
-openings to gastric
glands
Rugae
GG-gastric glands
LP-lamina propria
Ca-capillary
Slide 146
Stomach
CM-circular muscles
LM-longitudinal muscles
Slide 150
Stomach
Fig.1 PC-parietal cells
IC-intracellular
canaliculus
ZC-chief cells
Fig.2 M-mitochondria
Fig.3 cell that secretes
gastrin
zymogens in the
small intestine
HCl
Pepsinogen
pepsin
enteropeptidase
trypsinogen
trypsin
trypsin
procarboxypeptidase
carboxypeptidase
trypsin
chymotrypsinogen
chymotrypsin
zymogens must be secreted in an inactive form and
then be activated
Slide 151
Small Intestine
Duodenum
No folds in
submucosa
because this is
from rat a
Vi-villi
Slide 154
Small Intestine
Jejunum
Fig.2-openings to
intestinal glands
MF-microfolds
lacteal
Fig.3 AC-absorptive
cells; GC-goblet cells
Fig.4 resin cast of the
capillaries in a single
villus
Absorption of nutrients
Glucose-facilitated diffusion amino acids-active transport & FD
glycerol & fatty acids-diffusion
vitamins and minerals-active transport
Slide 156
Small Intestine
Jejunum
Fig.1&2
Mv-microvilli on a
goblet cell are
shorter than
MA-microvilli on
absorptive cells
Fig.3 MG-mucus
granules in a
goblet cell
Fig.4 BL-basement
membrane
Slide 161
Colon
TG-tubular glands
Slide 163
Colon
Fig.1 Su-folds in
submucosa
ME-muscularis mucosa
Fig.2 Op-opening to
tubular glands that are
filled with mucus
BM-basement membrane
Large Intestine