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Chapter 6 Notes
Section 6.1- Chromosomes and Meiosis
Somatic Cell
Ex.
Germ Cell
Ex.
Humans have _____ chromosomes or _____ pairs of homologous chromosomes.
Autosomes
Ex.
Sex Chromosomes
Ex.
Sexual Reproduction:
Fertilization: fusion of _______ and ___________
Diploid Chromosome Number
Ex.
Haploid Chromosome Number
Ex.
What happens if an organism has an incorrect chromosome number?
1.
2.
Meiosis definition:
How many divisions?
Creates:
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis
Type of reproduction
asexual
Genetic diversity due to crossing
over
DNA
# of chromosomes
Meiosis
Same number of chromosomes
as parents
Haploid/Diploid
# of cell divisions
Number/type of cell made
4 haploid
Section 6.2 Process of Meiosis
Homologous chromosome vs. Sister chromatid
Interphase Before Meiosis
Stage of Interphase
What happens during that phase
G1- gap 1
S- synthesis
G2- gap 2
Phase
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Meiosis 1
What happens in the phase
Drawing of the phase
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Cytokinesis
Who undergoes crossing over?
What is crossing over and what does it create?
Phase
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
Meiosis 2
What happens in the phase
Drawing of the phase
Cytokinesis
Type of Gamete
What it contributes to the
embryo
Section 6.3 Mendel and Heredity
Genetics:
Heredity:
What did Gregor Mendel do to help further Biology?
Gregor Mendel studied what organism and why?
Mendel’s Key Choices
1.
2.
3.
Defining characteristics
How is a true-breeding/purebred plant created?
What is a trait? Give an example of one of the seven traits that Mendel followed.
To prevent self pollination Gregor Mendel __________________________________________ of the
flower and pollinated them himself.
When two types of purebred plants are crossed/reproduced together they create a
_________________.
Mendel's Results
Definition, how it is made, what traits showed up
Parental generation
F1 or first filial generation
F2 or second filial generation
Mendel’s Conclusions
1.
Law of segregation
2.
3.
Segregation is the separation of ______________. It occurs ____________________________________.
During gamete formation ______________ ________________ segregate from each other so that each
gamete ___________________________.
Section 6.4- Traits, Genes, and Alleles
Genes
Ex.
Allele
Ex.
Homozygous alleles
Ex.
Heterozygous alleles
Ex.
Genotype
Ex.
Phenotype
Ex.
Dominant Alleles
Ex.
Recessive Alleles
Ex.
Section 6.5- Traits and Probability
What are Punnett Squares used for?
Axes:
Grid boxes:
Monohybrid Cross:
Homozygous-homozygous
Heterozygous-heterozygous
Heterozygous-homozygous
Umbreon Punnett Square
Mothe:r Gg
Father: Gg
Dominant: gold
G
G
g
Offspring: ___________ Dominant
__________ Recessive
Recessive: blue
g
Teddiursa Punnett Square
Father: Bb
Mother: bb
Offspring: homozygous dominant _________,
Dominant: brown
Recessive: green
heterozygous dominant _________,
homozygous recessive _________
Testcross:
Mendel followed two traits to see if they were linked, which is a dihybrid cross.
When RRYY and rryy were crossed they produced _________________.
He then crossed the _______________ and produced a _________________ ratio.
Independent Assortment states:
Cat Dihybrid/Two-factor Punnet Square
Mother: HhSs
Father: HhSs
Dominant: has hair, no stripes
HS
Hs
Recessive: no hair, stripes
hS
hs
HS
Hs
hS
hs
Offspring: _______ HHSS and HhSs, ________ HHss and Hhss, _________ hhSS and hhSs, ________ hhss
Probability
Ex.
Multiplication of individual probabilities
Ex.
Equation for Probability
Probability = ________________________________
Section 6.6- Meiosis and Genetic Variation
Sexual Reproduction creates ___________________.
Ways genetic diversity increases:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Genetic linkage: Genes close together will ____________________________.
Genes farther apart will ______________________________.