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Chapter 22: Immune System and the Body’s Defense
Name:_____________ Class: ____
Overview of Diseases Caused by Infections Agents
1. Differentiate between viruses and bacteria. Which can be killed with antibiotics? (You may need to
look this up).
2. Identify a disease caused by each of the following infectious agents:
a. Bacteria –
b. Viruses –
c. Fungi –
d. Protozoa –
e. Parasitic worm –
f. Prion –
Overview of the Immune System
3. What are cytokines? What are their four functions?
4. Name the four categories off cytokines.
5. Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity.
6. Categorize each of the following as I (innate immunity) or A (adaptive immunity)
a. Interferon
e. antibodies
b. Skin
f. fever
c. Cytotoxic T cells
g. NK cells
d. B lymphocytes
h. macrophages
7. The book describes the components of the immune system as levels of defense.
a. What is the first level of defense?
b. What is the second level of defense?
c. What is the third line of defense?
Innate Immunity
8. Identify which type(s) of cells or proteins do each function
a. Fight parasites
b. Kill any infected/cancerous body cells by shooting cytotoxic chemicals at them
c. Phagocytize pathogens
d. ‘tags’ pathogens for destruction by macrophages
e. Involved with allergies and asthma
f. Helps remove antibody-antigen complexes through liver or spleen
g. Initiate inflammatory response
h. Displays fragments of pathogens on their cell surface to activate T and B lymphocytes
9. Define the following terms:
a. Cytolysis
b. Diapedesis
c. Chemotaxis
d. Vascularized
e. Recruitment (of immune cells)
f. Exudate
g. Pus
h. Abscess
i.
Vasodilation / vasoconstriction
10. Describe the purpose / benefits of inflammation.
11. Describe the signs of inflammation
12. What is chronic inflammation? Give two examples. How should chronic inflammation be treated
(you may need to look that up).
13. Describe the purpose / benefits of fever.
Adaptive Immunity: An Introduction
14. Differentiate between cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity.
15. Define antigen.
16. Identify 5 areas of immune privilege. (The book doesn’t mention it, but in the last few years, we have
discovered that many scary viruses (Zika, Ebola) linger in areas of immune privilege for months after
the initial infection seems to be resolved).
17. Describe the function(s) of the following cells:
a. Helper Ts
b. Cytotoxic Ts
c. Antigen-presenting cells
18. Identify 3 examples of antigen-presenting cells
Activation and Clonal Selection of Lymphocytes
19. Define antigen challenge and state where it occurs.
20. In the activation of TH, TC , and B lymphocytes, the ______________________ is physical contact
between the naïve lymphocyte and an antigen presenting cell. The _______________________ can be
cytokines (such as IL-2 or IL-4) or may be interaction with a TH.
21. When B lymphocytes are activated, they divide many times. Most of the daughter cells will become
_____________________________ that produce ______________________, but some will become
_________________________________ that provide long-lasting immunity.
Effector Response at Infection Site
22. Cell-mediated immunity is specifically effective against what type of targets? Provide examples.
Immunoglobulins
23. What is the function of antibodies?
24. Draw an antibody, labeling the antigen bonding sites, the variable regions and the constant regions.
Immunological Memory and Immunity
25. Differentiate between a primary and secondary immune response, including the timing and strength
of response. You may want to include a graph.
26. Define vaccine and explain how they provide immunity.
27. Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
28. Classify each of the examples according to the type of immunity.
Natural –OR – Artificial
a. Antibodies in Breast milk
b. Getting a cold
c.
Getting a shot rabies antitoxin
d. Antibodies from mom in utero
e. Getting a measles vaccine
f. Getting a rattlesnack antivenom shot
Active – OR - Passive