Download 15 and 16 vocab

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Evolution: development of different types of organisms from other organisms over time
Strata: rock layers that tell how old the earth is
natural selection: the mechanism for decent with modification
Adaption: the trait that lets an organism survive in its environment
Fitness: the measure of an individual's hereditary contribution to the next generation
Fossil: the remaining traces of organisms that lived long ago
Superposition: states if the rock strata are not disturbed the bottom layer formed before the top
layer
Relative age: is the age compared to that of other fossils
Absolute age: when scientists estimate the age of strata
Biogeography: the study of locations of organisms around the world
Homologous structure: anatomical structures that occur in different species and that originated
heredity from a structure in the most recent ancestor of the species
Analogous structure: a body part in different species that has a similar function, but looks
different in structure
Vestigial structure: a structure that seems to do nothing, but resembles structures that have
importance in organisms
Phylogeny: the history of the evolution of a specific species or organism
Convergent evolution: a process where different types of animals form similar characteristics
Divergent evolution: the process by which a species splits into two or more different forms that
can be traced back to a common ancestor
Adaptive radiation: the splitting of an ancestral group of organisms into many different forms
that have special characteristics to live certain types of lives in specific environments which
diversifies the organisms into more specialized types
Artificial selection: the breeding of two organisms where the breeder chooses which traits are
most desired
Coevolution: when two species develop adaptations to the environment due to influences from
each other
Microevolution: a minor change that is noticed over a short period of time
Population genetics: the study of effects of changes in gene frequencies in population of
organisms on evolution and adaptation
Bell curve: a frequency curve (usually on a line graph) that has the shape of a bell
Immigration: movement of an individual or group into an area
Emigration: movement of an individual or group out of an area
Gene flow: the movement of genes into or out of a population due to interbreeding
Gene pool: all genes of the reproductively active members of a population
Allele frequency: the proportion of gene copies in a population that are a given allele, given
as a percentage
28. Phenotype frequency: ratio of individuals with a particular phenotype to the total number of
individuals in a population
29. Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium: genotype frequencies in a population tend to remain
the same from generation to generation unless acted on by outside forces
30. Genetic drift: the random change in allele frequency in a population
31. Sexual selection: evolutionary mechanism by which good traits appear with increasing
frequency in a population; selection in which a mate is chosen based on certain traits
32. Stabilizing selection: a type of natural selection in which the average form of a trait is
favored and appears more often
33. Disruptive selection: a type of natural selection in which 2 extreme forms of a trait are
selected
34. Directional selection: a type of natural selection in which the most extreme form of a trait
is favored and becomes more common
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