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Name: _______________________________________________________ Period: __________ Date: _______________ Chapter 17: Evolution of Populations 1. Natural Selection a. Organisms that are best __________________________ to their environment are more likely to ___________________________________ and ________________________________ b. Remember! Adaptation = helpful mutation 2. Artificial Selection a. Humans _________________________________________________ organisms for traits that are desirable b. Examples: 1) Dogs 2) Plants 3. Natural Selection & Phenotype a. Natural selection acts directly on the _________________________________ of an organism. b. An organisms is best fit to survive in its environment based on its ___________________________ c. Best fit organisms passes its _______________________ down to more ______________________ 4. Gene Pools & Allele Frequency a. All of the genes within a population including the different alleles for each gene make up the ______________________________ b. Scientists study gene pools by examining _____________________________________________or how common a given alleles is in comparison with the total number of alleles for that gene. 5. Relationship to Evolution a. Evolution involves a change in the frequency of particular alleles in a population over time. b. Evolution works on ________________________________________ as a whole whereas natural selection works on ________________________________________. 6. How do allele frequencies change? 1) For _______________________________________- natural selection can causes changes in allele frequency and thus, change phenotype frequencies. 2) For _______________________________________ - natural selections affects the relative fitness of phenotypes and therefore creates 3 possible selection patterns: a) Directional selection b) Stabilizing selection c) Disruptive selection a. Directional Selection 1) Occurs when organisms at ____________________________________________have_________________________________ than those in the middle or other end. 2) Curve shifts in the direction of the __________________________________________________ b. Stabilizing Selection 1) Individuals _____________________________________ of the curve are best fit to survive 2) Curve _________________________________ and remains in the __________________________ c. Disruptive Selection 1) _________________________ fit individuals are at the _________________________ of the curve while __________________________ fit individuals are on __________________________. 2) Curve begins to separate and _____________________ fully separate into two distinct phenotypes.