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CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
43
The Immune
System
Clicker Questions by
Lisa M. Flick, Ph.D.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following in vertebrates has the same
function as hemocytes in insects?
a) Toll-like receptor
b) interferon
c) complement system
d) neutrophils
e) mast cells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following in vertebrates has the same
function as hemocytes in insects?
a) Toll-like receptor
b) interferon
c) complement system
d) neutrophils
e) mast cells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The specificity of a particular antibody for its target
epitope is determined by
a) the variable regions.
b) the constant regions.
c) the light chains.
d) the heavy chains.
e) the transmembrane region.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The specificity of a particular antibody for its target
epitope is determined by
a) the variable regions.
b) the constant regions.
c) the light chains.
d) the heavy chains.
e) the transmembrane region.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The exceptionally large diversity of antigen receptors
found on B cells and T cells is mostly the result of
a) random mutations.
b) clonal selection.
c) alternate splicing.
d) recombinase activity.
e) gene duplication.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The exceptionally large diversity of antigen receptors
found on B cells and T cells is mostly the result of
a) random mutations.
b) clonal selection.
c) alternate splicing.
d) recombinase activity.
e) gene duplication.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is true of a secondary immune response?
1. It is brought about by memory cells.
2. It is less effective than a primary immune response.
3. It includes a humoral response but not a cell-mediated
response.
4. After it occurs, the immune system can only respond to
reinfection with the same antigen by mounting another
primary immune response.
a) 1 only
d) 2, 3, and 4
b) 1 and 2
e) 1, 2, and 3
c) 1 and 3
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is true of a secondary immune response?
1. It is brought about by memory cells.
2. It is less effective than a primary immune response.
3. It includes a humoral response but not a cell-mediated
response.
4. After it occurs, the immune system can only respond to
reinfection with the same antigen by mounting another
primary immune response.
a) 1 only
d) 2, 3, and 4
b) 1 and 2
e) 1, 2, and 3
c) 1 and 3
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider this graph of the immune response to antigens A
and B. If you expose this individual to antigen C on day 56,
what do you expect to see?
a) 103 antibodies to B on
day 61
b) 104 antibodies to A on
day 61
c) 101 antibodies to C on
day 61
d) 101 antibodies to C on
day 67
e) 101 antibodies to A on
day 67
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Consider this graph of the immune response to antigens A
and B. If you expose this individual to antigen C on day 56,
what do you expect to see?
a) 103 antibodies to B on
day 61
b) 104 antibodies to A on
day 61
c) 101 antibodies to C on
day 61
d) 101 antibodies to C on
day 67
e) 101 antibodies to A on
day 67
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is required to activate a cellmediated or humoral immune response to a foreign
molecule?
a) cytokines secreted by helper T cells
b) perforins secreted by cytotoxic T cells
c) granzymes secreted by cytotoxic T cells
d) antibodies secreted by plasma cells
e) complement proteins secreted by the liver
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is required to activate a cellmediated or humoral immune response to a foreign
molecule?
a) cytokines secreted by helper T cells
b) perforins secreted by cytotoxic T cells
c) granzymes secreted by cytotoxic T cells
d) antibodies secreted by plasma cells
e) complement proteins secreted by the liver
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which defensive chemical is improperly matched with a
function?
a) perforins—lysis
b) antibodies—pathogen neutralization
c) histamines—dilate capillaries
d) cytokines—immune cell stimulation
e) lysozymes—cause fevers
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which defensive chemical is improperly matched with a
function?
a) perforins—lysis
b) antibodies—pathogen neutralization
c) histamines—dilate capillaries
d) cytokines—immune cell stimulation
e) lysozymes—cause fevers
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the correct sequence in which the following
occur during a primary humoral immune response?
1. B cell activation
2. helper T cell activation
3. plasma cell differentiation and proliferation
4. antibody secretion
5. presentation of antigen on class II MHC proteins
a) 5, 2, 1, 4, 3
d) 4, 5, 3, 1, 2
b) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
e) 5, 2, 1, 2, 3
c) 5, 1, 2, 3, 4
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the correct sequence in which the following
occur during a primary humoral immune response?
1. B cell activation
2. helper T cell activation
3. plasma cell differentiation and proliferation
4. antibody secretion
5. presentation of antigen on class II MHC proteins
a) 5, 2, 1, 4, 3
d) 4, 5, 3, 1, 2
b) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
e) 5, 2, 1, 2, 3
c) 5, 1, 2, 3, 4
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is “matched” between donor tissue and recipient
in order to increase likelihood of successful
transplantation?
a) antigens
b) allergens
c) Toll-like receptors
d) MHC proteins
e) antibodies
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is “matched” between donor tissue and recipient
in order to increase likelihood of successful
transplantation?
a) antigens
b) allergens
c) Toll-like receptors
d) MHC proteins
e) antibodies
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is characteristic of herpesvirus
infections?
a) increased antigenic variation
b) latency
c) direct attack on the immune system
d) causes liver cancer
e) is not affected by stress
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is characteristic of herpesvirus
infections?
a) increased antigenic variation
b) latency
c) direct attack on the immune system
d) causes liver cancer
e) is not affected by stress
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Scientific Skills Questions
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface
are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a
thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy
is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was
measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of
infection. What is the independent variable in this
experiment?
a) time
b) number of trypanosomes
c) volume of blood
d) number of patients
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface
are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a
thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy
is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was
measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of
infection. What is the independent variable in this
experiment?
a) time
b) number of trypanosomes
c) volume of blood
d) number of patients
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface
are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a
thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy
is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was
measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of
infection. What is the dependent variable in this
experiment?
a) time
b) number of trypanosomes
c) volume of blood
d) number of patients
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface
are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a
thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy
is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was
measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of
infection. What is the dependent variable in this
experiment?
a) time
b) number of trypanosomes
c) volume of blood
d) number of patients
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Assume that a decrease in trypanosome abundance indicates an
effective immune response. What is the best explanation for the
experimental results shown in this graph?
a) By the time the host developed an immune response to
one glycoprotein, the parasite had changed to a different
glycoprotein.
b) The host was infected by new parasites three times during
the course of the study.
c)
The immune response went
through cycles of strength and
weakness.
d) The parasite went through
regular cycles of reproduction
followed by death.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Assume that a decrease in trypanosome abundance indicates an
effective immune response. What is the best explanation for the
experimental results shown in this graph?
a) By the time the host developed an immune response to
one glycoprotein, the parasite had changed to a different
glycoprotein.
b) The host was infected by new parasites three times during
the course of the study.
c)
The immune response went
through cycles of strength and
weakness.
d) The parasite went through
regular cycles of reproduction
followed by death.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Later, antibodies specific for different glycoproteins were discovered.
Does the data in this graph support the hypothesis that the parasite
switched surface glycoproteins once the host immune system
responded to the original glycoprotein?
a)
Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed
glycoprotein B, then glycoprotein A, and then a third
glycoprotein.
b)
Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed
glycoprotein A, then glycoprotein B, and then a third
glycoprotein.
c)
No. The data suggest that the parasite
consistently displayed glycoprotein B.
d)
No. The data suggest that the parasite
consistently displayed glycoprotein A.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Later, antibodies specific for different glycoproteins were discovered.
Does the data in this graph support the hypothesis that the parasite
switched surface glycoproteins once the host immune system
responded to the original glycoprotein?
a)
Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed
glycoprotein B, then glycoprotein A, and then a third
glycoprotein.
b)
Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed
glycoprotein A, then glycoprotein B, and then a third
glycoprotein.
c)
No. The data suggest that the parasite
consistently displayed glycoprotein B.
d)
No. The data suggest that the parasite
consistently displayed glycoprotein A.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.