* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File
Survey
Document related concepts
Social immunity wikipedia , lookup
Anti-nuclear antibody wikipedia , lookup
Immunocontraception wikipedia , lookup
Sjögren syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Complement system wikipedia , lookup
Schistosoma mansoni wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Innate immune system wikipedia , lookup
Monoclonal antibody wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson 43 The Immune System Clicker Questions by Lisa M. Flick, Ph.D. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following in vertebrates has the same function as hemocytes in insects? a) Toll-like receptor b) interferon c) complement system d) neutrophils e) mast cells © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following in vertebrates has the same function as hemocytes in insects? a) Toll-like receptor b) interferon c) complement system d) neutrophils e) mast cells © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The specificity of a particular antibody for its target epitope is determined by a) the variable regions. b) the constant regions. c) the light chains. d) the heavy chains. e) the transmembrane region. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The specificity of a particular antibody for its target epitope is determined by a) the variable regions. b) the constant regions. c) the light chains. d) the heavy chains. e) the transmembrane region. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The exceptionally large diversity of antigen receptors found on B cells and T cells is mostly the result of a) random mutations. b) clonal selection. c) alternate splicing. d) recombinase activity. e) gene duplication. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The exceptionally large diversity of antigen receptors found on B cells and T cells is mostly the result of a) random mutations. b) clonal selection. c) alternate splicing. d) recombinase activity. e) gene duplication. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is true of a secondary immune response? 1. It is brought about by memory cells. 2. It is less effective than a primary immune response. 3. It includes a humoral response but not a cell-mediated response. 4. After it occurs, the immune system can only respond to reinfection with the same antigen by mounting another primary immune response. a) 1 only d) 2, 3, and 4 b) 1 and 2 e) 1, 2, and 3 c) 1 and 3 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is true of a secondary immune response? 1. It is brought about by memory cells. 2. It is less effective than a primary immune response. 3. It includes a humoral response but not a cell-mediated response. 4. After it occurs, the immune system can only respond to reinfection with the same antigen by mounting another primary immune response. a) 1 only d) 2, 3, and 4 b) 1 and 2 e) 1, 2, and 3 c) 1 and 3 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Consider this graph of the immune response to antigens A and B. If you expose this individual to antigen C on day 56, what do you expect to see? a) 103 antibodies to B on day 61 b) 104 antibodies to A on day 61 c) 101 antibodies to C on day 61 d) 101 antibodies to C on day 67 e) 101 antibodies to A on day 67 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Consider this graph of the immune response to antigens A and B. If you expose this individual to antigen C on day 56, what do you expect to see? a) 103 antibodies to B on day 61 b) 104 antibodies to A on day 61 c) 101 antibodies to C on day 61 d) 101 antibodies to C on day 67 e) 101 antibodies to A on day 67 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is required to activate a cellmediated or humoral immune response to a foreign molecule? a) cytokines secreted by helper T cells b) perforins secreted by cytotoxic T cells c) granzymes secreted by cytotoxic T cells d) antibodies secreted by plasma cells e) complement proteins secreted by the liver © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is required to activate a cellmediated or humoral immune response to a foreign molecule? a) cytokines secreted by helper T cells b) perforins secreted by cytotoxic T cells c) granzymes secreted by cytotoxic T cells d) antibodies secreted by plasma cells e) complement proteins secreted by the liver © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which defensive chemical is improperly matched with a function? a) perforins—lysis b) antibodies—pathogen neutralization c) histamines—dilate capillaries d) cytokines—immune cell stimulation e) lysozymes—cause fevers © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which defensive chemical is improperly matched with a function? a) perforins—lysis b) antibodies—pathogen neutralization c) histamines—dilate capillaries d) cytokines—immune cell stimulation e) lysozymes—cause fevers © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the correct sequence in which the following occur during a primary humoral immune response? 1. B cell activation 2. helper T cell activation 3. plasma cell differentiation and proliferation 4. antibody secretion 5. presentation of antigen on class II MHC proteins a) 5, 2, 1, 4, 3 d) 4, 5, 3, 1, 2 b) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 e) 5, 2, 1, 2, 3 c) 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the correct sequence in which the following occur during a primary humoral immune response? 1. B cell activation 2. helper T cell activation 3. plasma cell differentiation and proliferation 4. antibody secretion 5. presentation of antigen on class II MHC proteins a) 5, 2, 1, 4, 3 d) 4, 5, 3, 1, 2 b) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 e) 5, 2, 1, 2, 3 c) 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is “matched” between donor tissue and recipient in order to increase likelihood of successful transplantation? a) antigens b) allergens c) Toll-like receptors d) MHC proteins e) antibodies © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What is “matched” between donor tissue and recipient in order to increase likelihood of successful transplantation? a) antigens b) allergens c) Toll-like receptors d) MHC proteins e) antibodies © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is characteristic of herpesvirus infections? a) increased antigenic variation b) latency c) direct attack on the immune system d) causes liver cancer e) is not affected by stress © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following is characteristic of herpesvirus infections? a) increased antigenic variation b) latency c) direct attack on the immune system d) causes liver cancer e) is not affected by stress © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Scientific Skills Questions © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of infection. What is the independent variable in this experiment? a) time b) number of trypanosomes c) volume of blood d) number of patients © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of infection. What is the independent variable in this experiment? a) time b) number of trypanosomes c) volume of blood d) number of patients © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of infection. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? a) time b) number of trypanosomes c) volume of blood d) number of patients © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The glycoproteins covering a trypanosome’s surface are encoded by a gene that is duplicated more than a thousand times in the organism’s genome. Each copy is slightly different. The number of trypanosomes was measured in 100 patients during the first few weeks of infection. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? a) time b) number of trypanosomes c) volume of blood d) number of patients © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Assume that a decrease in trypanosome abundance indicates an effective immune response. What is the best explanation for the experimental results shown in this graph? a) By the time the host developed an immune response to one glycoprotein, the parasite had changed to a different glycoprotein. b) The host was infected by new parasites three times during the course of the study. c) The immune response went through cycles of strength and weakness. d) The parasite went through regular cycles of reproduction followed by death. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Assume that a decrease in trypanosome abundance indicates an effective immune response. What is the best explanation for the experimental results shown in this graph? a) By the time the host developed an immune response to one glycoprotein, the parasite had changed to a different glycoprotein. b) The host was infected by new parasites three times during the course of the study. c) The immune response went through cycles of strength and weakness. d) The parasite went through regular cycles of reproduction followed by death. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Later, antibodies specific for different glycoproteins were discovered. Does the data in this graph support the hypothesis that the parasite switched surface glycoproteins once the host immune system responded to the original glycoprotein? a) Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed glycoprotein B, then glycoprotein A, and then a third glycoprotein. b) Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed glycoprotein A, then glycoprotein B, and then a third glycoprotein. c) No. The data suggest that the parasite consistently displayed glycoprotein B. d) No. The data suggest that the parasite consistently displayed glycoprotein A. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Later, antibodies specific for different glycoproteins were discovered. Does the data in this graph support the hypothesis that the parasite switched surface glycoproteins once the host immune system responded to the original glycoprotein? a) Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed glycoprotein B, then glycoprotein A, and then a third glycoprotein. b) Yes. The data suggest that the parasite first displayed glycoprotein A, then glycoprotein B, and then a third glycoprotein. c) No. The data suggest that the parasite consistently displayed glycoprotein B. d) No. The data suggest that the parasite consistently displayed glycoprotein A. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.