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Part 3: The Immune System
Second Line of Defence
Second Line of Defence
- ________________ cells destroy ______________ cells
- Immune cells must be able to distinguish between body’s _________ cells and ________________
- ___________ types of response
o ________________ immune response: ___________ living things can have this response
o ________________ immune response: only animals with ______________ (vertebrates) can
have this response
1.
-
Innate Immune Response
___________ and ___________ (non-specific) response
o
2.
-
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Increased flow of __________, __________ and dissolved substances to site of
_______________
 This causes ___________, _______________, and ________________ to area =
______________________________.
o Increase in ___________________________
 Type of ________________ blood cell
 Cells that seek and destroy (___________) invaders
Acquired Immune Response
Specific attack on a particular pathogen (antigen)
________________ = any substance that the body does not recognize
o Not a living particle or substance
o Antigen = produces ________________.
Two types of Acquired immune response
1. _________ Cells in Action
B cells (type of _____________ blood cell) recognize antigens present in the body
B cells produce _________________ to fight them
Antigens and antibodies
-
Antibodies are designed to ____________ to a particular antigen
o This binding either ____________ pathogen from ____________ a body cell or ____________
the pathogen for ________________
More B cells are produced to help with anti_________ production and attachment
Some _______________ will remain in body to protect against further attack (___________)
___________________ B cells are cells that have antibodies that have helped for particular ___________
and may be used again if attacked by ____________ pathogen in future
o This is called having an ______________ immunity
2. T Cells in Action
- _____________T cells signal for the production of ________ cells when pathogen or antigen is present
- _______________ T cells directly attack antigens or pathogens
Part 4: Factors that affect Immune System
2. _________________ of the Immune System
1. Allergies
• Unusually high _________________ to a substance
• What are some common ________________ (allergy producing substances)?
Common Allergens
• __________
• __________
• Cat saliva-covered _______ __________ (dander)
• Dust mite ___________
Common Allergic Reactions
• ____________________ Production: histamine is a ______________ body produces after injury or allergy
exposure
• Histamines cause runny ___________ and ___________ eyes
• ____________________: drugs to decrease effect of histamines
Severe Allergic Reactions
• Severe allergies may trigger __________________ shock
– _______________
– _______________ problems
– ___________
• Victim needs to be injected with __________________ to reduce immune response
2. AIDS
• __________ causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (____________)
• Cannot fight simple infections because _____________ system infected with HIV
• Virus that infects _____________ ____ Cells
• When body infected by other pathogens immune system cannot activate:
– _________ ____ Cells
– ____ Cells
HIV Transmission
• Transmitted in ___________ ___________ such as semen and blood
• No ________
• 40 ____________ people have it now
• Average lifespan if infected: _______________ years
Keeping Your Immune System Healthy
Healthy Immune System
• Well balanced __________
• Maintain personal __________
• Avoiding ____________ and ____________
• _____________ and rest
• ______________