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Transcript
Part 3: The Immune System Second Line of Defence Second Line of Defence - ________________ cells destroy ______________ cells - Immune cells must be able to distinguish between body’s _________ cells and ________________ - ___________ types of response o ________________ immune response: ___________ living things can have this response o ________________ immune response: only animals with ______________ (vertebrates) can have this response 1. - Innate Immune Response ___________ and ___________ (non-specific) response o 2. - - Increased flow of __________, __________ and dissolved substances to site of _______________ This causes ___________, _______________, and ________________ to area = ______________________________. o Increase in ___________________________ Type of ________________ blood cell Cells that seek and destroy (___________) invaders Acquired Immune Response Specific attack on a particular pathogen (antigen) ________________ = any substance that the body does not recognize o Not a living particle or substance o Antigen = produces ________________. Two types of Acquired immune response 1. _________ Cells in Action B cells (type of _____________ blood cell) recognize antigens present in the body B cells produce _________________ to fight them Antigens and antibodies - Antibodies are designed to ____________ to a particular antigen o This binding either ____________ pathogen from ____________ a body cell or ____________ the pathogen for ________________ More B cells are produced to help with anti_________ production and attachment Some _______________ will remain in body to protect against further attack (___________) ___________________ B cells are cells that have antibodies that have helped for particular ___________ and may be used again if attacked by ____________ pathogen in future o This is called having an ______________ immunity 2. T Cells in Action - _____________T cells signal for the production of ________ cells when pathogen or antigen is present - _______________ T cells directly attack antigens or pathogens Part 4: Factors that affect Immune System 2. _________________ of the Immune System 1. Allergies • Unusually high _________________ to a substance • What are some common ________________ (allergy producing substances)? Common Allergens • __________ • __________ • Cat saliva-covered _______ __________ (dander) • Dust mite ___________ Common Allergic Reactions • ____________________ Production: histamine is a ______________ body produces after injury or allergy exposure • Histamines cause runny ___________ and ___________ eyes • ____________________: drugs to decrease effect of histamines Severe Allergic Reactions • Severe allergies may trigger __________________ shock – _______________ – _______________ problems – ___________ • Victim needs to be injected with __________________ to reduce immune response 2. AIDS • __________ causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (____________) • Cannot fight simple infections because _____________ system infected with HIV • Virus that infects _____________ ____ Cells • When body infected by other pathogens immune system cannot activate: – _________ ____ Cells – ____ Cells HIV Transmission • Transmitted in ___________ ___________ such as semen and blood • No ________ • 40 ____________ people have it now • Average lifespan if infected: _______________ years Keeping Your Immune System Healthy Healthy Immune System • Well balanced __________ • Maintain personal __________ • Avoiding ____________ and ____________ • _____________ and rest • ______________