Download Exam Review 2012-13

SBI 3U
Ms. Girvan
Exam Review 2012-13
Your exam will be composed of types of questions that fit under the four
assessment and evaluation categories: knowledge/understanding,
communication, inquiry, and making connections. Practice each kind of
question in your review.
The exam covers material from the entire year. Any assigned work is fair
game for the exam.
Good luck and don’t be afraid to ask for extra help!!
UNIT #1: Diversity of Living Things (~25%)
1. Three Species Concepts
- morphological, biological, phylogenetic
2. The Classification of Living Things
- Taxonomy
- Linnaeus’s system of classification
- Binomial nomenclature
3. Dichotomous Key’s
4. Determining How Species are Related
- anatomical evidence, physiological evidence, DNA evidence
5. Phylogeny
- phylogenetic trees/cladograms
6. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
7. Domains – 3 domains and their characteristics
8. The Six Kingdom System – Basic comparison
9. Viruses
- general characteristics
- types – provirus, retrovirus
- lytic and lysogenic cycles – be able to differentiate and describe all
phases
- prions
10. Comparing Bacteria and Archaea
11. Theory of Endosymbiosis
12. Protists
13. From Algae to Land Plants
14. Plants
- general characteristics
- overview of kingdom
15. Fungi Kingdom
16. Animal Kingdom
- characteristics used to classify animals
- invertebrate phylas: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida,
Mollusca, Echinodermata, Arthropoda & vertebrate phylum: Chordata
UNIT #2: Genetic Continuity (~25%)
1. DNA Structure and Function
2. DNA Fingerprinting
3. DNA Replication
4. The Cell Cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)
5. Stages of Mitosis
6. Types of Pairing of Chromosomes
7. Stages of Meiosis
8. Genetic Variation in Meiosis
9. Mitosis vs. Meiosis
10. Spermatogenesis vs. Oogenesis
11. Errors in Mitosis (benign and malignant tumors)
12. Nondisjunction Disorders (trisomy vs. monosomy)
13. Chromosomal Mutations (deletion, inversion, duplication, translocation)
14. Prenatal Testing Procedures (amniocentesis and CVS)
15. Reproductive Technologies for Humans
16. Three Types of Cloning (gene, therapeutic, reproductive)
17. Stem Cells
18. Transgenic Organisms
19. Introduction to Genetics
20. Probability and Genetics
21. Monohybrid Crosses
22. Test Crosses
23. Dihybrid Crosses
24. Law of Independent Assortment
25. Incomplete Dominance & Co-Dominance
26. Multiple Alleles
27. Polygenic Traits
28. Sex-Linked Traits
29. Epigenetics
30. Patterns of Inheritance/Pedigrees
a. Autosomal vs. Sex-Linked Inheritance
b. Dominant vs. Recessive Inheritance
31. Genetic Disorders
- Galactosemia
- Cri-du Chat Syndrome
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- PKU
32. Linked Genes
33. Genetic Testing, Genetic Counsellors, Gene Therapy
34. The Human Genome Project
UNIT #3: Internal Systems (~25%)
1. Levels of Organization (cell, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism)
2. Types of Respiratory Surfaces in Animals
- Outer Skin
- Gills
- Tracheal System
- Lungs
3. Human Respiratory System
- FOUR types of respiration – breathing, external respiration, internal
respiration, cellular respiration
- Pathway of air (all of the structures involved, location & function)
4. The Mechanics of Breathing
- Inhalation and Exhalation (diaphragm and intercostals muscles)
- Lung volume measurements
a. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
b. Expiratory Reserve Volume
c. Tidal Volume
d. Vital Capacity
e. Total Lung Volume
5. How Blood Transports Respiratory Gases (O2 & CO2)
6. The Mammalian Circulatory System
a. Three Main Functions of the Circulatory System
b. Major Components of the Circulatory System
c. Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Arterioles, Venules
d. Pathway of Circulation (diagram of heart)
e. Three Cycles of Blood (cardiac, systemic, pulmonary)
f. The Composition of Blood (rbc, wbc, platelets, plasma)
g. Human Blood Groups/Rhesus Factor
7. Control of the Heartbeat (SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibres
Chemical Regulators – noradrenalin and acetylcholine)
8. Cardiac Output, Stroke Volume, Heart Rate and Fitness
9. Diagnosing Heart Conditions (ECGs)
10. The Function of Digestion
- inorganic vs. organic molecules, macromolecules, metabolism, essential
nutrients
- feeding mechanism: filter, substrate, fluid and bulk feeders
- stages of food processing: ingestion, digestion, absorption and
elimination
11. Four Major Macromolecules
- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
12. The Human Digestive Tract
- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
- peristalsis
13. The Vomit Relfex
14. The Chemical Digestion of Food
- hydrolysis and digestive enzymes (salivary amylase, pepsin, trypsin,
lipase)
15. Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity
- temperature and pH
UNIT #4: Evolution (~15%)
1. Adaptations and Variation
- mutations and selective advantage
2.History of Evolutionary Thought
- Comte du Buffon, Cuvier, Lyell, Lamark, Darwin, Wallace
- Catastrophism, Uniformitarianism, Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
2. Natural Selection
- The Peppered Moth Simulation
3. Evidence for Evolution
a. The Fossil Record
b. Homologous Structures
c. Vestigial Organs
d. DNA and Biochemistry
e. Geographical Distribution of Species (Biogeography)
f. Embryological Development
4. Artificial Selection
- The Perfect Cow Activity, Selective Pressure and Fitness
5. Mechanisms of Evolution
- Population, Species, Gene pool, Microevolution
Causes of Microevolution:
o Mutations
o Gene Flow
o Genetic Drift (Bottleneck Effect, Founder Effect)
o Non-random Mating
o Natural Selection (Stabilizing, Directional, Disruptive, Sexual)
6. Adaptations and Speciation
- Types of adaptations: structural, physiological, behavioural
- Biological species concept
- Speciation pathways: transformation (phyletic) and divergent
- Barriers to Reproduction
o Pre-zygotic Isolation: habitat, behavioural, temporal, mechanical,
and gametic
o Post-zygotic barriers: hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, hybrid
breakdown
- Types of Speciation: sympatric and allopatric speciation
- Adaptive Radiation
- Divergent and Convergent Evolution
- The Pace of Evolution – gradualism vs. punctuated equilibrium
-
UNIT #5: Plants (~10%)
1. Plant Anatomy
- vascular vs. non-vascular plants,
- angiosperms vs. gymnosperms
- monocots vs. dicots
- vascular bundles (xylem and phloem)
2. The Vascular Plant
3. Roots, Stems and Leaves
4. Transport in Plants - transpiration & translocation
5. Plant Reproduction – alternation of generations
6. Plant Growth and Development
- plant hormones
- nastic movements
-
tropisms (3 types)