Download review_for_midterm_april_2016

Biology 112 Review for midterm April 2016
What is biology?
What are the characteristics of living things?
Label a microscope and describe the function of each of its parts.
What three statements make up the cell theory? Who are the 3 scientists who contributed to cell theory and
what did each contribute?
Describe the theory of abiogenesis (spontaneous generation).
What are the steps in the “scientific method”?
Who were the scientists who attempted to prove and disprove abiogenesis and what were their
experiments? How did these experiments ultimately disprove abiogenesis?
Apply the steps of the scientific method to a problem.
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? What are other differences?
Similarities? (page 472 and helpful chart page 459)
Label the diagrams of an animal and a plant cell and describe the function of each organelle.
Describe the contributions that Hooke and Leeuwenhoek made to science?
Transport
Describe the structure and general function of a cell membrane.
What is “concentration” and how do you measure it?
What is a solution? a solute? a solvent?
Describe diffusion and osmosis using the terms concentration gradient, equilibrium, isotonic, hypertonic and
hypotonic.
Compare active and passive transport and describe the three types of each.
Define autotroph and heterotroph.
What is a calorie? Calorie?
What is ATP and what is its role in the cell?
What is cellular respiration? What is the formula for cellular respiration? Describe the 3 parts of cellular
respiration?
What is fermentation? What are the formulas for alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?
Taxonomy/classification
What is taxonomy?
Why classify organisms?
Describe and use binomial nomenclature.
Who was Carolus Linnaeus? How has his system of classification evolved?
Describe the classification system we use today, including the names of the 8 taxa.
Describe modern evolutionary classification and be able to use vocabulary (phylogeny, cladogram, molecular
clock). Be able to create a cladogram.
Name the 6 Kingdoms and the 3 Domains and describe the general characteristics of each, including the cell
type, cell structure, number of cells, mode of nutrition.
Viruses
What is a virus? Should viruses be classified as living or non-living? Why?
Describe and label the structure of a virus.
How are viruses classified? Give examples.
Describe the 2 ways in which a virus can infect (or reproduce).
What are retroviruses?
Compare a virus to a cell.
Bacteria
What are the domains under which bacteria are classified?
What is the difference between the 2 kingdoms of bacteria?
Be able to label a bacterium.
What are the general characteristics of bacteria?
Describe the ways in which bacteria are classified.
Be able to label the various shapes of bacteria, including the prefixes. (ie. staphylococci)
Describe the significance of peptidoglygen and how gram-staining is used.
Describe the 4 ways in which bacteria can get energy and carbon.
Define obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe and facultative anaerobe.
By what method do bacteria reproduce. Describe it.
What is conjugation?
How does a bacteria survive harsh conditions?