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Cells and Organelles Test Review
1. What are the characteristics of all living things?
They have cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, grow and
develop, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce.
2. What is a cell? What are unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms?
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function. Unicellular organisms are singlecelled organisms. Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells.
3. What are the three parts of cell theory?
All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function
in living things, and all cells are produced from other cells.
4. What is the most abundant chemical in cells? Why is it important?
Water is the most abundant chemical in cells. It is important because water can
dissolve more chemicals than any other substance on Earth.
5. What is reproduction?
The ability to produce offspring that are identical (asexual reproduction) or similar to
parents (sexual reproduction).
6. What is Photosynthesis? Describe the raw materials, the process, and the products.
(Make sure that you include the energy that powers this process)
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use energy from light, carbon dioxide,
and water to make sugars (food) and oxygen.
7. What is Respiration? Describe the raw materials, the process, and the products.
(Make sure that you include the 2 stages)
Respiration is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose (a type of sugar).
First the cell breaks down the carbohydrates in food to release energy. The second
stage takes place in the mitochondria. There the chemical reaction (breaking down
into smaller molecules) These chemical reactions require oxygen and a great deal of
energy is released.
8. How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
Photosynthesis and respiration are often thought of as opposite processes.
Photosynthesis – water and carbon dioxide (plus the energy from the sun) are broken
down into sugars and oxygen.
Respiration – sugars and oxygen (energy is created) are broken down into carbon
dioxide and water (lots of energy is also released).
These two processes form a cycle that keeps levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen
amounts fairly constant.
9. What are the four things that ALL living things need to survive?
Food, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.
10.
What is an organ?
An organ is a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue.
11.
What is an organelle?
Smaller structures inside the cell are called organelles.
12.
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that perform the same function is a tissue.
13.
What is a stimulus?
A stimulus is a change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism
to react.
14.
What is a response?
An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response – “an action or change in
behavior”.
15.
What is homeostasis? What is stress?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in surroundings
is called homeostasis. Stress is the reaction of your body to potentially
threatening, challenging, or disturbing events.
16.
What are the different types of tissue in the body and what are their jobs?
Muscle tissue – contract or shorten – helps you move
Connective tissue – provides support and connects the parts of your body
Nervous tissue – carries messages back and forth between your brain and other
parts of your body.
Epithelial tissue – covers the surfaces of your body
17.
What are the 4 things needed to survive?
*see #9
18.
What are the different organelles and what are their main functions?
Cell Wall – found in plant cells – provides strength and support – keeps too much
water from entering the cell
Cell Membrane – found in all cells – keeps the cell together – allow waste out
and nutrients in
Nucleus – means “kernel or nut” – controls the cell activity and DNA is located
here
Nucleolus – makes the ribosomes
Ribosomes – protein building location
Cytoplasm – clear-jelly-like fluid that carries, holds, cushions, and helps protect
other organelles
Smooth ER – breaks down drugs and other chemicals
Rough ER – helps make membranes and other antibodies
Mitochondria – breaks down food molecules for energy
Chloroplasts – found in plant cells – traps sunlight to make sugar through
photosynthesis
Golgi Complex – takes in proteins and sends them out to other cells
Vacuole – stores water, food, and other materials needed by the cell
Lysosome – destroys damaged organelles and gets rid of waste.
19.
What are heterotrophs and autotrophs?
Heterotrophs eat their food (consumers) and autotrophs make their own food
(producers).
20.
What are nucleic acids?
Genetic material