Download Living Functions - Mr. Coach Risinger 7Y Science

LIVING FUNCTIONS:
CELL, PLANT, ANIMAL
Important vocabulary. When you
understand these terms you will be able to
make lots of connections. Connections are
a good thing.
STRUCTURE
something
constructed or arranged
in a definite pattern of organization
manner
of construction :the
arrangement or relationship of
elements (as particles, parts, or
organs) in a substance, body, or
system
FUNCTION
the
particular purpose for which a
person or thing is specially fitted or
used or for which a thing exists <the
function of a knife is cutting>
the
natural or proper action of a
bodily part in a living thing <the
function of the heart>
LIFE has both
Structure:
How it is put
together, the
parts, how it is
organized.
Function:
What it does,
how it works,
the job it has,
processes.
METABOLISM
PART OF ENERGY
Thousands
of chemical reactions are
necessary to keep
living cells healthy. The sum of these
reactions is called metabolism. Many
of the reactions involve breaking down
molecules to release some of their stored
energy.
More
Info
RESPIRATION
PART OF ENERGY
 All
living organisms must be capable of
releasing energy stored in food molecules
through a chemical process known as cellular
respiration.
 oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is
given off.

Large multicellular animals such as birds and mammals must
breathe in oxygen, which travels to the lungs and is transferred to
the blood flow of the body’s arteries.

Plants respire too, but they do it through openings called
stomata, which are found on the underside of their leaves.

MORE INFO
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PART OF ENERGY
 Photosynthesis
is a process by which plants,
algae, and certain microorganisms transform
light energy from the sun into the chemical
energy of food. During photosynthesis, energy
from sunlight is harnessed and used to convert
carbon dioxide and water into organic
compounds—namely sugar molecules—and
oxygen.

This chemical energy is transferred to animals that eat plants as well as
other photosynthetic organisms, and to the animals that eat other
animals (see food chain). The oxygen produced through photosynthesis is
released into the atmosphere (in the case of aquatic organisms, into the
aquatic environment) and used by organisms for cellular respiration.

MORE INFO
WASTE
 All
living organisms create waste products via the
processes of living. Much waste comes from food.
The rest is produced by movement, growth, and other
functions of living. If this waste remained in living things,
it would soon cause illness and death. Thus living things
must have a way to dispose of waste matter. The
process that removes waste products from the body is
called excretion.

Blood carries the oxygen needed to release energy from food, and
it carries away the carbon dioxide and water produced as wastes
by cellular processes.

To provide what every cell needs and to carry off wastes the plant
uses a liquid called sap, which travels through specialized cells in
the plant.
CELL THEORY
 Cell
Theory is 6 Statements that help us
determine is something is living or not living.
 Improvements
in microscopes by the 19th
century allowed more detailed investigations. In
the 1830s Scottish botanist Robert
Brown discovered the cell nucleus, and two
German scientists, Matthias J. Schleiden
and Theodor Schwann, concluded
independently that cells were the basis of all life,
a view called the cell theory.
CELL THEORY
Cells
are the basic form of life
Cells
make up all living things
Cell
can process energy
Cells
come from other cells
Cells
have DNA
Cells
are made of the same basic
chemicals
STIMULUS
 stimulus
is a signal from the animal’s body or
its environment. It is a form of energy—light
waves or sound vibrations, for example. All
but the simplest animals receive a stimulus—
light, sound, taste, touch, or smell—through
special cells called receptors, located in
many places on or in the body.
 PLANTS AND ANIMLAS CAN RESPOND TO
STIMULUS in different ways

Inside the protective seed covering, the embryonic plant lies
dormant until the moisture and warmth of spring stimulate its growth.

Cell turgor is very important to plant growth and structure. Turgor
causes expansion of the cell wall and stimulates cell growth.
RESPONSE
 Behavior
or Actions caused by a stimulus
 The direction or intensity of a response
may be described as positive, if directed
toward a stimulus, or negative, if directed
away from it.

As a rule, only animals are capable of such responses. Still another type of
orienting response is called a kinesis—an increase or decrease in an
animal’s activity, but in no particular direction.

Prefixes are usually added to the root words tropism, taxis, and kinesis to
indicate the kind of energy to which the organism is responding. For
example, geotropism is response to gravity; phototaxis, response to light.
REPRODUCTION
to produce new individuals of the
same kind

the
act or process of reproducing
the process by which plants and
animals produce offspring

something
reproduced : copy
LIFE PROCESSES
THE FUNCTION
Reproduce- Sexual & Asexual > Offspring
Growth
Obtain
& Use Energy- Metabolism,
Respiration, Photosynthesis
Produce
& Release Waste
Mobility- Respond To EnvironmentStimulus & Response