Download test review - Net Start Class

TEST REVIEW
Student Expectation 7.12E and F (5 questions) The student is expected to compare the functions of a cell to the functions of
organisms such as waste removal AND recognize that according to cell theory all organisms are composed of cells and cells
carry on similar functions such as extracting energy from food to sustain life.
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Key Concept 1: Each organelle has a different and specific job that the others rely on for the total survival of the cell, like
the waste removal role of the lysosome.
Key Concept 2: The function of each organelle’s essential task can be compared with the functions of organisms to obtain
energy, such as the “power factories” of mitochondria and the “storage facilities” of endoplasmic reticulum.
Key Concept 3: Cells make up all living organisms, unicellular or multi-cellular, and have similarities in structure cells and
all cells need genetic and environmental information in order to function. The cell theory states that new cells come from old
survive.
Key Concept 4: Cells use a series of chemical reactions to break down nutrients in food to create energy and produce waste
through a process called metabolism.
Key Concept 5: Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins to release energy that
can be delivered to each cell of the organism. Plant cells use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into oxygen and energy for
consumption by other organisms.
Fundamental Questions
1.
What are the three main ideas of the cell theory?
2.
How do cells provide nutrients to the entire cell?
3.
What is cellular respiration?
4.
How do plant cells convert sunlight into oxygen and energy for consumption?
Student Expectation 7.12D (4 questions) Differentiate between structure and function in plant and animal cell organelles,
including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole.
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Key Concept 1: Eukaryotic plant and animal cells contain organelles that perform specific tasks for the cell’s metabolism
and growth.
Key Concept 2: Both plant and animal cells contain cell membranes, a nucleus that contains the chromosomes,
mitochondrion (creates energy), and cytoplasm (structure and metabolism).
Key Concept 3: In addition to the organelles also found in animal cells, plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a
large central vacuole (chemical storage) and a cell wall (protection and structure).
Student Expectation 7.5A (3 questions) The student is expected to recognize that radiant energy from the Sun is transformed
into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
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Key Concept 1: The Sun emits radiant energy towards Earth’s surface. Some of this radiant energy is in the form of light.
Key Concept 2: Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that occurs in plants. During this reaction, carbon dioxide absorbs
from the atmosphere and water absorbs from the soil. The chemical energy produced from the reaction is in the form of sugar
also referred to as glucose. Oxygen also produces and releases into the atmosphere.
Key Concept 3: The chemical energy or glucose stores in plants, which sustains life on Earth.
Fundamental Questions
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4.
What is the Sun’s role in the process of photosynthesis?
What type of energy conversion occurs during the process of photosynthesis?
What are the products and reactants in the process of photosynthesis?
Why is photosynthesis necessary for life on Earth?
Student Expectation 7.14C (2 questions) The student is expected to define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from
one generation to the next generation AND recognize that inherited traits of individuals are governed in the genetic material
found in the genes within the chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Key Concept 1: Heredity is the process by which characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. The units of
inheritance are genes and are stored within the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.
Key Concept 2: Genetic information is inherited from both parents in sexual reproduction. Inherited traits include expressed
external characteristics such as eye color and hair color and internal characteristics such as blood type. Inherited traits are not
affected by the organism’s surroundings.
Key Concept 3: Alleles are possible variations of a gene. Alleles occur in pairs, and individuals inherit one allele from each
parent. The combination of inherited alleles is the genotype of an individual. Traits that are visibly apparent are an
individual’s phenotype.
Key Concept 4: Both alleles are not always expressed in the offspring’s phenotype. Some alleles are dominant (always
expressed) and recessive (only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele).
Fundamental Questions?
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3.
Why are some inherited traits not observable?
How are traits inherited from parents to offspring?
Why is there variation between different offspring from the same parents?
Student Expectation 7.13 A & B ( 2 questions) The student is expected to investigate how organisms respond to external
stimuli found in the environment such as phototropism and fight or flight AND describe and relate responses in organisms
that may result from internal stimuli such as wilting in plants and fever or vomiting in animals that allow them to maintain
balance.
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Key Concept 1: Organisms respond to changes in the external environment in order to maintain balance. We call this
balance homeostasis. The change in the external environment is called a stimulus, and the resulting reaction of the organisms
is called a response.
Key Concept 2: Plants may respond to an external stimulus such as touch, gravity (gravitropism), and light (phototropism).
Key Concept 3: An animal may respond to an external stimulus, such as the presence of a predator by becoming aggressive
or running away.
Key Concept 4: Organisms have an internal announcement system to alert them of hunger, thirst, and temperature extremes
to maintain homeostasis.
Key Concept 5: Plants may respond to an internal stimulus such lack of water or other nutrients by either wilting or
changing its growth/development.
Key Concept 6: Animals respond to internal stimuli in various ways. Animals will vomit when food is spoiled or
contaminated. When pathogens like bacteria or virus invade humans, the body responds by releasing chemicals to raise the
core body temperature, causing a fever.
Fundamental Questions
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4.
What are the differences between a stimulus and a response?
How does changing an external stimulus affect how an organism will respond?
In what ways does an organism's body respond to maintain homeostasis?
How do organisms respond internally when unknown pathogens invade the body?
Student Expectation 7.7C (1 question- this is a review concept from earlier this semester) Demonstrate and illustrate forces
that affect motion in everyday life such as emergence of seedlings, turgor pressure, and geotropism.
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Key Concept 5: Plants are able to push through soil by exerting an upward force on the soil greater than the downward force
of gravity.
Key Concept 6: Plant cells are able to maintain a constant size and shape as water within the cytoplasm exerts a force, or
pressure, on the cell wall, pushing it outwards. This pressure is called turgor pressure, and the combined turgor pressure of
all the cells allow plants to stand upright and is strong enough to break items like concrete.
Key Concept 7: Plants are geotropic and grow in response to the force exerted upon them by gravity. Even when turned,
plants will recognize the force of gravity and grow their stems upward and their roots downward.
Fundamental Questions
1. How are plants affected by gravity?