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*Homeostasis is maintaining a stable internal environment. *Membrane bound structures in cells are called organelles. *Ribosomes make protein. *Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides which include a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base. *Carbohydrates are the main energy source for organisms because they are easily broken down. *Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reaction rates. *Bacteria are prokaryotes so they do not have a nucleus. *Homologous structures have a similar structure but different function (human hand and bat wing). *Darwin stated the theory of natural selection or “survival of the fittest”. *Natural selection leads to traits that allow an organism to survive better in an area. *Lamarck stated the theory of acquired characteristics which says that organisms developed traits during their lifetime and passed them onto offspring. *Fossils are evidence of organisms that lived long ago. They show that new species have evolved. *Gradualism states that evolution occurs slowly over long periods of time. *Resistance occurs when the organism develops an adaptation to the antibiotic (bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics) or pesticide (pests become resistant to pesticides). *Genetic variation occurs because of mutations. *Plants are autotrophs because they make their own food. Organisms that do not make their own food are heterotrophs. *Eubacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls where Archaebacteria do not. *Chlorophyll in the chloroplast captures sunlight so plants can make sugars. *Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast. *Sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide combine to form glucose and oxygen in the reaction of photosynthesis. *Viruses are not considered living because they must have a host cell to replicate. *Viruses attach to the host cell then inject their genetic information inside the cell. *Ecological organization is made up of organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. *Energy in the trophic levels decreases as the levels go up from producers. The decrease by 10% for each level. *Abiotic factors are nonliving, and biotic factors are living things.