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film ideas, Inc. TIMELINES OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS 10 PART SERIES EGYPTIAN Part I & II CHINESE Part I & II GREEK Part I & II ROMAN Part I & II MESOPOTAMIAN Part I & II Presents TIMELINES Of ANCIENT C IVILIZATION S 10 PART SERIES Consider Visiting These Web Sites: http://www.filmideas.com http://www.roman-empire.net/ http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/ http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Stage/3591/ Film ideas, inc. 308 N. Wolf Rd. Wheeling, IL 60090 Tel: 1-800-475-3456 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.filmideas.com Copyright © 2003 R O PM A N : ART ! POST REPUBLIC TO MODERN DAY INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE INTRODUCTION TO SERIES Designed to enhance the social studies curriculum for the intermediate aged student on up. “Timelines of Ancient Civilizations” offers students a unique perspective about the chronological developments of the greatest societies the world has ever known. Study the map and site descriptions on pg. 12. Then write the name of the location on the solid black line and on a separate piece of paper write a brief description about each location. 4 As a complementary device with each video, an instructional guide suggests exercises to enhance the learning for teachers, parents and students. These interactive exercises will reinforce and further develop a student’s level of comprehension. 1 2 3 The instructional guide provides: Vocabulary Biography Chronology / Q & A Discussion Points / Activities Geography 1 2 Permission granted to copy the exercises provided in this guide. For educational use ONLY. 3 4 E-Guides available at www.filmideas.com 13 Study the Map & Its Significant Locations Synonymous with imperial rule, the historic timeline of the Roman Empire is a tapestry woven from its origins along seven hilltop villages to the shores of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its influence upon the ancient world rapidly spread as ambitious Roman emperors swiftly expanded the empire. Although founded upon the principles of a “Republic”, imperialism soon became a defining element of Roman authority. After conquering their once allied Etruscan cities, Roman expansion then targeted the Phoenician city-state of Carthage. After three brutal wars with Carthage from 264 - 146 BCE Rome finally prevailed. 4 1 2 3 1 ROME: The capital city of Italy today. Site where the ancient tribe Italica built several villages along seven hilltops. This location later became the origins of the Roman Empire. 2 NAPLES: A popular city along Italy’s west coast. 3 POMPEII: An ancient city which was covered with volcanic ash in 79 CE. 4 VENICE: Located on the coast of the Adriatic Sea in Northern Italy. Famous for its Gondalas, watery streets, and treasures of art. 12 ROMAN Although its geographical boundaries have changed dramatically throughout its history, Italy as we know it today is located along southern Europe. The Italian Peninsula is surrounded by the Adriatic Sea on the east, the Ionian Sea to the south and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. Italy’s northern border is shared with the countries of France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. After the three Punic Wars with Carthage, Roman culture transformed both geographically and politically. Its call to world dominance led Rome to expand into parts of Africa, Asia and Europe while its political system converted from a republic to a dictatorship. By 59 BCE Rome’s most famous emperor, Julius Caesar, seized territories in modern-day France, Belgium and Germany. Following a litany of emperors, came the rise of a sophisticated Roman society. Bath houses, gladiator fights (mostly used to persecute Christians), and chariot races became a trademark of Roman culture. However by the year 312, Emperor Constantine radically changed the face of Rome. He ended the persecutions of Christians and moved the capital city to Byzantium. After Constantine’s death, the Roman Empire eventually split into two separate kingdoms. Finally after 2,000 years of ascent, the Roman Empire fell in 1453. The legacy of ancient Rome continues to influence our world today with its Latin language, art, architecture and literature. Its alluring cities – Rome, Venice, Naples and Pompeii, are all an attractive taste of an empire gone but not forgotten. 1 V OCABULARY of Roman Part 2 Study the vocabulary words on pgs. 2 & 3. Then fill in the blank by selecting the words from the answers list: BCE: Meaning “Before the Common Era”. COLISEUM: A popular Roman amphitheater which took eight years to build from 70 to 78 CE and used mostly for gladiator fights. CIRCUS MAXIMUS: A popular Roman arena which seated 250,000 people and was mostly used for Chariot races which was a popular form of Roman entertainment. ANSWERS LIST : Ottoman Turks • Ides of March • Mark Antony Tiberius • Triumverate • Opus Dei • Egyptians Caesar’s Daus • Circus Maximus CONSTANTINE: Roman Emperor from 312 to 337 BCE. Under his reign he ended Christian persecution and moved the capital city of the Roman empire to Byzantium which was renamed Constantinople. A) A popular Roman arena called seated 250,000 people and was mostly used for chariot races. GLADIATORS: Highly skilled fighters whose battles took place in large Roman arenas. These brutal fights usually ended in death and became a popular form of Roman entertainment. Eventually these battles were also used as a means to persecute Christians. B) The were a developing empire which eventually conquered the eastern Roman Empire in 1453. HUNS: An Asian people who eventually conquered the western Roman empire in 476 CE. IDES OF MARCH: The day Julius Caesar went to a senate meeting in his honor but a group of senators lead by Cassius and Brutus killed him on March 15th, 44 BCE. JULIUS CAESAR: A Roman dictator who conquered territories throughout Europe. He solidified his power when the senate appointed him dictator for life. Senators who opposed his life appointment killed him because they saw him as a destroyer of the Roman republic. LATIN: The established language used during the reign of the Roman Empire. It later became the basis for the modern-day languages English, Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian. 2 C) Crassus, Pompey and Caesar formed which was a secret political alliance in opposition to the senate. D) The day Julius Caesar was killed became known as the . E) After the death of Julius Caesar, ruled the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. 11 Q & A about Roman Part 2 Study the vocabulary words on pages 2 & 3 and the timeline on pg. 4. Then answer the questions. 1. In 88 BCE the senate relieved a Roman general of his duties. Who was this General and what did he do after he refused to resign? 2. In 63 BCE three men formed a secret political alliance which opposed the senate. What was the senate? What was the name of the secret political alliance formed by three men in 63 BCE which opposed the senate? Who were the three men who formed this secret political alliance? LUCIUS CORNELIUS SULLA: A Roman general who the senate relieved of his duties in 88 BCE but he refused. In anger he arrived in Rome and killed his opponents, overthrew the Roman Government and ruled as a dictator for ten years. MARK ANTONY: Octavian’s chief lieutenant who ruled the Eastern part of the Roman Empire after Julius Caesar’s death. OCTAVIAN (CAESAR AUGUSTUS): Adopted son of Julius Caesar who ruled the western part of the Roman Empire after his fathers death. After uniting the Empire by defeating Antony, who controlled the eastern empire Octavian was officially crowned the first emperor of Rome in 27 BCE. Under his reign Rome enjoyed times of peace and architecture and construction flourished. OTTOMAN TURKS: A developing empire who eventually conquered the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453. 3. Julius Caesar was appointed dictator for life by the Roman senate. Those opposed by this lifetime appointment decided to kill Caesar. Who lead the killing of Caesar and what name was given to this historic day? ROMAN EMPIRE: An ancient civilization founded in the city of Rome which later expanded after conquering territories throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its reign lasted more than 2000 years from 753 BCE to 1453. 4. After the death of Julius Caesar the Roman Empire was divided into two kingdoms. Who ruled the Eastern part of the Empire? Who ruled the Western part of the Empire? ROME: Also known as the eternal city and is located along the Italian Peninsula’s west coast. It was from this area that the origins of the Roman Empire were first established. 5. Name two forms of entertainment that the Romans enjoyed and the arenas which were used to hold these events? 6. What Roman emperor ended the persecutions of Christians? Where did this emperor move the capital city of the Roman Empire? SENATE: A governing council which passed laws, determined foreign policy and appointed generals for the Roman Empire. TRIUMVERATE: In 63 BCE three men Crassus, Pompey and Julius Caesar assembled a three man secret political alliance which opposed the power of the senate. VENATORES: Men who killed animals before the gladiator fights. 7. Name two popular cities in Italy? 10 3 T IMELINE of Roman Part 2 200 Million years ago: Dinosaurs roamed the earth. 65 Million years ago: Dinosaurs extinct. 2 million years ago: Human species walks upright and begins making tools and weapons. 112-105 BCE: Rome expands the empire into Africa. 88 BCE: General Sulla refuses to resign and decides to overthrow the Roman government. 63 BCE: Crassus, Pompey and Caesar form a secret political alliance called the Triumverate. 59 BCE: Julius Caesar conquers territories throughout Europe. 49 BCE: The Roman Empire begins a civil war and Julius Caesar becomes dictator for all of Rome. 44 BCE: Julius Caesar is killed on a day known as the Ides of March. Octavian and Marc Antony rule the east and west parts of the Empire. 27 BCE: Octavian (Caesar Augustus) is officially crowned the first emperor of Rome. 70-78 CE: Construction of the Coliseum. D iscussion Points /A ctivities 1. Imagine you lived during the time of ancient Rome. Discuss how life would be different than living in the 21st century. 2. A timeline offers a chronological perspective of significant events which have happened throughout history. After viewing the video, study the timeline on pg. 4 of this guide, then develop your own timeline which illustrates Rome’s enduring history. Perhaps use the computer; add pictures along with text; if possible develop a multimedia presentation. 3. Rome is famous for its architecture. Research the history and origins of Roman architecture. Then write a brief report explaining how the building or structure was built and used, the symbolism represented, material, etc. Use architectural illustrations to support your findings. Use the internet. 4. The science of archeology has provided valuable information about the historic past to the modern-day world. If possible contact an archeologist (preferably one who is an expert on ancient Rome) at a local university, museum or privately funded institution. Ask them to visit your school or arrange a class trip to visit them to explain the importance of archeology and ancient Rome. 5. Discuss the differences and similarities between ancient Rome and present-day Rome. Who is the leader of Italy today? What is, and was, the primary religion practiced in ancient Rome and Rome today? What major industries existed in ancient Rome and Rome today? What is and was the primary means of transportation in ancient Rome and Rome today? What was, and is, the primary language of ancient Rome and Rome today? etc. 476 CE: Western Rome falls. 1453 CE: Eastern Rome falls. 4 9 G EOGRAPHY of Roman Part 2 Use the words described in this guide on pgs. 2 & 3 to complete the crossword. Study the map on pgs. 6 & 7. Then on separate piece of paper write the name and a brief description of each location. 1 5 1 2 3 4 6 4 5 DOWN: ACROSS: 1) Adopted son of Julius Caesar. 2) Highly skilled fighters. 3) An asian people who conquered western Rome in 476 CE. 4) Language of the Roman Empire. 5) Emperor who ended Roman persecutions of Christians. 6) Governing council which passed laws, determined foreign policy and appointed generals. 6 3 2 7 9 8 Across -2) Gladiators, 4) Latin, 6) Senate Down- 1) Octavian, 3) Huns, 5) Constantine ANSWERS: 8 5 MAP of Modern-Day Roman Part 2 Study the modern-day map and its significant locations below. Then test your geography skills on pg. 8. 1 EUROPE: Italy is 116,000 square miles located in southern Europe. 4 5 6 3 2 7 9 8 2 ITALY: 116,000 square miles of land located in southern Europe. 6 4 5 3 FRANCE / SWITZERLAND / AUSTRIA / SLOVENIA: countries along Italy’s northern border. 7 ADRIATIC SEA: water along Italy’s east border. 8 IONIAN SEA: water along Italy’s southern border. 9 TYRRHENIAN SEA: water along Italy’s west border. 6 7