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TIMELINES OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
10 PART SERIES
EGYPTIAN Part I & II
CHINESE Part I & II
GREEK Part I & II
ROMAN Part I & II
MESOPOTAMIAN Part I & II
Presents
TIMELINES
Of ANCIENT
C IVILIZATION S
10 PART SERIES
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http://www.roman-empire.net/
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Stage/3591/
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POST REPUBLIC TO MODERN DAY
INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE
INTRODUCTION TO SERIES
Designed to enhance the social studies curriculum for
the intermediate aged student on up. “Timelines of
Ancient Civilizations” offers students a unique perspective about the chronological developments of the greatest societies the world has ever known.
Study the map and site descriptions on pg. 12. Then write
the name of the location on the solid black line and on a
separate piece of paper write a brief description about
each location.
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As a complementary device with each video, an
instructional guide suggests exercises to enhance
the learning for teachers, parents and students.
These interactive exercises will reinforce and further develop a student’s level of comprehension.
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2 3
The instructional guide provides:
Vocabulary
Biography
Chronology / Q & A
Discussion Points / Activities
Geography
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2
Permission granted to copy the
exercises provided in this guide.
For educational use ONLY.
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E-Guides available at
www.filmideas.com
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Study the Map & Its Significant Locations
Synonymous with imperial rule, the historic timeline of the
Roman Empire is a tapestry woven from its origins along seven
hilltop villages to the shores of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its
influence upon the ancient world rapidly spread as ambitious
Roman emperors swiftly expanded the empire. Although
founded upon the principles of a “Republic”, imperialism soon
became a defining element of Roman authority. After conquering their once allied Etruscan cities, Roman expansion then targeted the Phoenician city-state of Carthage. After three brutal
wars with Carthage from 264 - 146 BCE Rome finally prevailed.
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1
2 3
1 ROME: The capital city of Italy today. Site where
the ancient tribe Italica built several villages along
seven hilltops. This location later became the origins of the Roman Empire.
2 NAPLES: A popular city along Italy’s west coast.
3 POMPEII: An ancient city which was covered with
volcanic ash in 79 CE.
4 VENICE: Located on the coast of the Adriatic Sea
in Northern Italy. Famous for its Gondalas, watery
streets, and treasures of art.
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ROMAN
Although its geographical boundaries have changed dramatically throughout its history, Italy as we know it today is located
along southern Europe. The Italian Peninsula is surrounded by
the Adriatic Sea on the east, the Ionian Sea to the south and the
Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. Italy’s northern border is shared
with the countries of France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia.
After the three Punic Wars with Carthage, Roman culture transformed both geographically and politically. Its call to world dominance led Rome to expand into parts of Africa, Asia and Europe
while its political system converted from a republic to a dictatorship. By 59 BCE Rome’s most famous emperor, Julius
Caesar, seized territories in modern-day France, Belgium and
Germany. Following a litany of emperors, came the rise of a
sophisticated Roman society. Bath houses, gladiator fights
(mostly used to persecute Christians), and chariot races
became a trademark of Roman culture. However by the year
312, Emperor Constantine radically changed the face of Rome.
He ended the persecutions of Christians and moved the capital
city to Byzantium. After Constantine’s death, the Roman Empire
eventually split into two separate kingdoms. Finally after 2,000
years of ascent, the Roman Empire fell in 1453.
The legacy of ancient Rome continues to influence our world
today with its Latin language, art, architecture and literature. Its
alluring cities – Rome, Venice, Naples and Pompeii, are all an
attractive taste of an empire gone but not forgotten.
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V OCABULARY
of Roman Part 2
Study the vocabulary words on pgs. 2 & 3. Then fill in
the blank by selecting the words from the answers list:
BCE: Meaning “Before the Common Era”.
COLISEUM: A popular Roman amphitheater which took eight
years to build from 70 to 78 CE and used mostly for gladiator
fights.
CIRCUS MAXIMUS: A popular Roman arena which seated
250,000 people and was mostly used for Chariot races which
was a popular form of Roman entertainment.
ANSWERS LIST :
Ottoman Turks • Ides of March • Mark Antony
Tiberius • Triumverate • Opus Dei • Egyptians
Caesar’s Daus • Circus Maximus
CONSTANTINE: Roman Emperor from 312 to 337 BCE.
Under his reign he ended Christian persecution and moved the
capital city of the Roman empire to Byzantium which was
renamed Constantinople.
A) A popular Roman arena called
seated 250,000 people and was mostly used for chariot
races.
GLADIATORS: Highly skilled fighters whose battles took place
in large Roman arenas. These brutal fights usually ended in
death and became a popular form of Roman entertainment.
Eventually these battles were also used as a means to persecute Christians.
B) The
were a
developing empire which eventually conquered the eastern Roman Empire in 1453.
HUNS: An Asian people who eventually conquered the western Roman empire in 476 CE.
IDES OF MARCH: The day Julius Caesar went to a senate
meeting in his honor but a group of senators lead by Cassius
and Brutus killed him on March 15th, 44 BCE.
JULIUS CAESAR: A Roman dictator who conquered territories
throughout Europe. He solidified his power when the senate
appointed him dictator for life. Senators who opposed his life
appointment killed him because they saw him as a destroyer of
the Roman republic.
LATIN: The established language used during the reign of the
Roman Empire. It later became the basis for the modern-day
languages English, Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian.
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C) Crassus, Pompey and Caesar formed
which was a secret political alliance in opposition to the
senate.
D) The day Julius Caesar was killed became known as the
.
E) After the death of Julius Caesar,
ruled the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.
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Q
&
A about Roman
Part 2
Study the vocabulary words on pages 2 & 3 and the
timeline on pg. 4. Then answer the questions.
1. In 88 BCE the senate relieved a Roman general of his
duties. Who was this General and what did he do after he
refused to resign?
2. In 63 BCE three men formed a secret political alliance
which opposed the senate. What was the senate? What
was the name of the secret political alliance formed by
three men in 63 BCE which opposed the senate? Who
were the three men who formed this secret political
alliance?
LUCIUS CORNELIUS SULLA: A Roman general who the senate relieved of his duties in 88 BCE but he refused. In anger he
arrived in Rome and killed his opponents, overthrew the Roman
Government and ruled as a dictator for ten years.
MARK ANTONY: Octavian’s chief lieutenant who ruled the
Eastern part of the Roman Empire after Julius Caesar’s death.
OCTAVIAN (CAESAR AUGUSTUS): Adopted son of Julius
Caesar who ruled the western part of the Roman Empire after
his fathers death. After uniting the Empire by defeating Antony,
who controlled the eastern empire Octavian was officially
crowned the first emperor of Rome in 27 BCE. Under his reign
Rome enjoyed times of peace and architecture and construction
flourished.
OTTOMAN TURKS: A developing empire who eventually conquered the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453.
3. Julius Caesar was appointed dictator for life by the
Roman senate. Those opposed by this lifetime appointment decided to kill Caesar. Who lead the killing of Caesar
and what name was given to this historic day?
ROMAN EMPIRE: An ancient civilization founded in the city of
Rome which later expanded after conquering territories throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its reign lasted more than 2000
years from 753 BCE to 1453.
4. After the death of Julius Caesar the Roman Empire was
divided into two kingdoms. Who ruled the Eastern part of
the Empire? Who ruled the Western part of the Empire?
ROME: Also known as the eternal city and is located along the
Italian Peninsula’s west coast. It was from this area that the origins of the Roman Empire were first established.
5. Name two forms of entertainment that the Romans
enjoyed and the arenas which were used to hold these
events?
6. What Roman emperor ended the persecutions of
Christians? Where did this emperor move the capital city
of the Roman Empire?
SENATE: A governing council which passed laws, determined
foreign policy and appointed generals for the Roman Empire.
TRIUMVERATE: In 63 BCE three men Crassus, Pompey and
Julius Caesar assembled a three man secret political alliance
which opposed the power of the senate.
VENATORES: Men who killed animals before the gladiator
fights.
7. Name two popular cities in Italy?
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3
T IMELINE
of
Roman
Part 2
200 Million years ago: Dinosaurs roamed the
earth.
65 Million years ago: Dinosaurs extinct.
2 million years ago: Human species walks
upright and begins making tools and weapons.
112-105 BCE: Rome expands the empire into Africa.
88 BCE: General Sulla refuses to resign and decides to
overthrow the Roman government.
63 BCE: Crassus, Pompey and Caesar form a secret
political alliance called the Triumverate.
59 BCE: Julius Caesar conquers territories throughout
Europe.
49 BCE: The Roman Empire begins a civil war and
Julius Caesar becomes dictator for all of Rome.
44 BCE: Julius Caesar is killed on a day known as the
Ides of March. Octavian and Marc Antony rule the east
and west parts of the Empire.
27 BCE: Octavian (Caesar Augustus) is officially
crowned the first emperor of Rome.
70-78 CE: Construction of the Coliseum.
D iscussion Points /A ctivities
1. Imagine you lived during the time of ancient Rome. Discuss
how life would be different than living in the 21st century.
2. A timeline offers a chronological perspective of significant
events which have happened throughout history. After viewing
the video, study the timeline on pg. 4 of this guide, then develop your own timeline which illustrates Rome’s enduring history.
Perhaps use the computer; add pictures along with text; if possible develop a multimedia presentation.
3. Rome is famous for its architecture. Research the history
and origins of Roman architecture. Then write a brief report
explaining how the building or structure was built and used, the
symbolism represented, material, etc. Use architectural illustrations to support your findings. Use the internet.
4. The science of archeology has provided valuable information about the historic past to the modern-day world. If possible
contact an archeologist (preferably one who is an expert on
ancient Rome) at a local university, museum or privately funded institution. Ask them to visit your school or arrange a class
trip to visit them to explain the importance of archeology and
ancient Rome.
5. Discuss the differences and similarities between ancient
Rome and present-day Rome. Who is the leader of Italy today?
What is, and was, the primary religion practiced in ancient
Rome and Rome today? What major industries existed in
ancient Rome and Rome today? What is and was the primary
means of transportation in ancient Rome and Rome today?
What was, and is, the primary language of ancient Rome and
Rome today? etc.
476 CE: Western Rome falls.
1453 CE: Eastern Rome falls.
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G EOGRAPHY
of
Roman
Part 2
Use the words described in this guide on
pgs. 2 & 3 to complete the crossword.
Study the map on pgs. 6 & 7. Then on separate piece of paper
write the name and a brief description of each location.
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5
1
2
3
4
6
4
5
DOWN:
ACROSS:
1) Adopted son of Julius Caesar.
2) Highly skilled fighters.
3) An asian people who conquered western Rome in 476 CE.
4) Language of the Roman
Empire.
5) Emperor who ended Roman
persecutions of Christians.
6) Governing council which
passed laws, determined foreign policy and appointed
generals.
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3
2
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9
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Across -2) Gladiators, 4) Latin, 6) Senate
Down- 1) Octavian, 3) Huns, 5) Constantine
ANSWERS:
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MAP of Modern-Day Roman
Part 2
Study the modern-day map and its significant locations below. Then test your geography skills on pg. 8.
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EUROPE: Italy is 116,000 square
miles located in southern Europe.
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3
2
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2 ITALY: 116,000 square miles of land
located in southern Europe.
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FRANCE / SWITZERLAND / AUSTRIA / SLOVENIA:
countries along Italy’s northern border.
7 ADRIATIC SEA: water along Italy’s east border.
8 IONIAN SEA: water along Italy’s southern border.
9 TYRRHENIAN SEA: water along Italy’s west border.
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