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So, What’s Aging? Aging is a shift in our reality! So What’s Reality? Created by Dr. Edward Lakatta, Dr. Harold Spurgeon, and Dr. Victor Maltsev 1 1 Reality emerges from a mutually coupled (enslaved) system of DNA and its environment DNA Environment Environment Environment Environment 2 Reality Is A System of Mutually Enslaved DNA and its Environment Sun, planets, Moon, asteroids, Sputnik O2, CO2, smoke Geographic, climate, radiation, pollutions, gravity Traditions, Religion, “Mandates” Friends, Relatives, Pets, Plants, Bacteria, Viruses Soma, Psyche, and emergent characteristics: Personality, Cognition, Innate Brain, Behavior, Lifestyle, Nutrition, Exercise DNA Organ-to-organ communication: Brain-Nerves, Cardiovascular– circulation, Endocrine-circulating goodies Extracellular matrix Organelles, mitochondrial DNA, microRNA Chromatin, Transcription factors, HATS, HDACS Heredity 3 Aging is a constellation of failures in DNA-Environment system over time Failing Interactions Signals Sensing of Signals SignalDNA Transmission Response to Signals Proteostasis Energy rundown 4 Aging is: A constellation of DNA-Environment system Failures over time, that result in Altered Cell Tissue and Organismal Phenotype Characteristics Cells Tissues Organs Organism Images from Mechanisms of Aging 5 SO! Is Aging, per se, A Disease? 6 “Aging and disease are not synonymous. There are processes of aging and etiologies of disease. The relationship between the two are important, but not inevitable” Nathan Shock, Ann. Rev.Physiol. 1961 7 8 “... to draw a distinction between disease and normal aging is to attempt to separate the undefined from the undefinable” J.G. Evans, Research and The Aging Population 1988 9 So What’s Reality? THIS is REALITY!