Download Component:

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
Provincial Peoples Committee, Quang Nam
Provincial Peoples Committee, Ben Tre
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (Danida), Denmark
Final
Component Document
Climate Change Adaptation
Support to the National Target Program to Respond to
Climate Change
Vietnam
July 2008
Executive summary
Component context and strategy
According to a recent World Bank study1, Vietnam ranks among the top five developing
countries most impacted by climate change, especially due to sea level rise. Anticipating
a sea level rise of 1 m, it is estimated that the economic losses would amount to 10% of
GDP. That would mean a serious blow to Vietnam’s strategy of sustained economic
growth as the main mechanism for poverty alleviation.
In addition to the long-term climate change vulnerability, Vietnam is also one of the
countries most prone to natural disasters, especially typhoons and floods. It is estimated
that the frequency and extent of such natural disasters will increase with climate change.
Despite this vulnerability the focus has traditionally been on responding to disasters and
mitigating their effects.
MONRE has been requested to lead the preparation of a ‘National Target Program to
respond to climate change” NTP-RCC to be completed by mid-2008. The component
focuses on co-financing and supporting the NTP-RCC implementation from 2009.
The component will strengthen GOV’s capacity for adaptation and response to climate
change at central level and support implementation of concrete and replicable “on-theground” CCA activities coordinated at provincial level in two coastal climate vulnerable
provinces – Quang Nam on the central coast and Ben Tre in the Mekong delta.
Funding and technical assistance will be provided to co-finance and support the NTPRCC at central and provincial level within two provinces. The component will primarily
support activities with a scope for replication and transfer as good practice to other
provinces e.g. practices such as how to introduce climate change considerations in SEAs
as well as cost effective physical investments. The component will prioritise interventions
that increase the resilience of poor communities in areas prone to natural weather related
disasters. The provincial support will focus on getting climate change adaptation
measures into the environmental and land use planning.
Objectives
The development objective of the CCA – NTP is similar to the strategic objective of the
NTP-RCC: “Enhance Vietnam’s capacity and efficiency in response to climate change in
order to ensure sustainable development, protect people from harmful impacts of climate
change, prevent and reduce risks posed by climate change; join the international
community’s efforts to mitigate climate change impacts and protect the global climatic
system”
The immediate objective of the CCA-NTP and the component support is:
“Strengthened capacity of Central and Provincial Governments to coordinate and
implement climate change adaptation interventions through specific pilot interventions”
1
The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: A comparative analysis. Dasgupta et al. World Bank
Policy Research Working Paper 4136, February 2007
i
Outputs
The component support to NTP-RCC is only specified in two main outputs. The outputs
are divided in this manner to ensure that resources are reaching local level through the
provincial people committees (PPC) and utilised for specific climate change activities
benefitting the most vulnerable groups and locations. The sub-outputs are directly linked
with the outputs specified in NTP-RCC.
Output 1: General support to NTP-RCC.
The NTP-RCC main outputs are related to establishment of climate scenarios; integration
of CC into strategies and plans; development of sector and location CC action plans;
support CC science and development of CC relevant technology; raise CC awareness and
organisational and institutional capacity. These outputs will be reached through an
approach (similar to NTP-RCC) of community consultations, multi-sector linkages,
utilising traditional and local experiences and knowledge, relaying on national, regional
and sectoral organisations/agencies; flexibility, simplicity and comprehensiveness.
The NTP-RCC plans to have climate change scenarios established and CC impact studies
finalised by the end of 2010. These will form a very important basis for almost all other
work related to CC, as they will enable prioritisation among locations and issues. Specific
international technical assistance is foreseen for these studies. There is a challenge in
ensure a high level of research quality in the relative short time frame given.
Output 2: Implementation of ‘National Target Program to respond to climate change’
supported in two provinces
The component will support investments in climate change adaptation in accordance with
the NTP-RCC in two provinces, Quang Nam and Ben Tre. Investment interventions will
depend on regional scenarios, but will be in line with the above mentioned areas of
interventions and may include construction or upgrading of dikes and gates, development
of more robust agricultural practices, afforestation of hillsides, protection of water
resources from salt intrusion, land use planning etc. The selected projects must give
priority to vulnerable groups and locations and be in line with the overall principles of
“no-regret” interventions. The provincial activities are seen as important testing ground in
order to ensure high efficiency and impact of the interventions for replication in other
provinces.
Expected impact of the component support
The NTP-RCC and the component support are expected to lead to a considerable
improvement in the prevention and effective response to climate induced changes and
natural disasters. Ultimately this will improve the living standards, health and welfare of
the people presently affected by climate change and those who would otherwise be more
severely affected in the future.
Climate changes in Vietnam are more likely to affect the poorer, marginalised groups
whose livelihoods are dependent on natural resources and who inhabit low lying and
flood exposed and drought prone areas. The NTP-RCC and the component support will
ii
thus assist in reducing the poverty of these people mainly but not only through
preventative means.
Budget and resources
The support Component budget is DKK 130 million over 5 years – is a mixture of
recurrent costs including national technical assistance (20%), international technical
assistance (20%), and investments in adaptation interventions (60%). This includes a
long-term Adviser at central level (at the Standing Office for NTP-RCC) for 24 months
in the beginning of the programme support period, and two Advisers at provincial level,
one in each of the two provinces already chosen, with the host of provincial Standing
Office for implementation of NTP-RCC), for 30 months.
(m DKK)
CCA-NTP
Output
2009-2013
Danida contribution
Invest Recur Int.
-ment
-rent
TA
Total
DKK
1
2
NTP-RCC
Provincial
interventions
Total
DKK
DKK
GoV
DKK
DKK
15.2
18.3
11.4
44.9
64.0
79.2
6.1
24.4
15.1
26.4
85.1
130.0
Other
Viet
DKK
Other
donor
DKK
Total
DKK
44.9
164.4
164.4
198.8
85.1
657.5
2013
DKK
7.4
23.1
30.5
32.9
32.9
39.8
96.3
Total
DKK
44.9
85.1
130.0
164.4
164.4
198.8
657.5
The annual break-down of the CCA-NTP summary budget is as follows:
Annual budget (m DKK)
Component: CCA-NTP
Output
1 NTP
2 Provincial interventions
Total Danida contribution
Total GoV Contribution
Other Viet contribution
Other Donors
Total all sources
2009
DKK
6.7
1.7
8.4
32.9
32.9
39.8
74.1
2010
DKK
11.8
15.9
27.7
32.9
32.9
39.8
93.5
2011
DKK
9.6
19.9
29.4
32.9
32.9
39.8
95.2
2012
DKK
9.4
24.6
34.0
32.9
32.9
39.8
99.7
Implementation arrangements
The core principle is that to the extent possible the support interventions will be fully
aligned to the Vietnamese national systems. For this component the lead agency of NTPRCC will be the national lead agency at central/national level and the two PPC’s will be
lead agencies at the provincial level under the umbrella of the NTP-RCC.
Decision making will follow the normal state management principles. For the NTP-RCC
this would mean that the National Steering Committee, composed of high-level
representatives from several different ministries, will be the highest decision-making
body, chaired by the Prime Minister. In addition to the NSC it is planned to form a
Program Executive Board with a broad range of ministries and organisations. The Danish
iii
Embassy will be a board member2. The board will be supported by a secretariat/Standing
Office in MONRE.
The chairman of the individual PPC will be responsible for the implementation of the
NTP-RCC at provincial level. DONRE is expected to host a Standing Office for
coordination of the work at provincial level.
Financial management
The budgeting and allocation of funds will follow GoV procedures as specified for the
NTP-RCC. Short-term international TA will be fielded according to needs and
requirements as defined by the Standing Offices supported by the international Advisers.
The relevant Standing Office will forward requests for international TA to the Danish
Embassy. All international TA (including long-term advisers) will be procured by the
Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs according to Danish rules and cost norms
(recruitment will be joint and participatory between the lead agency and the Danish
Embassy). Auditing of these services will also take place according to Danish rules.
Reporting, monitoring, reviews and evaluation
There will be no separate reporting mechanisms for the component. The reporting will be
in the form of the reporting required for the NTP-RCC and the implementing agencies’
regular 6-monthly reports.
Monitoring and review will follow the procedures defined for the NTP-RCC; however,
support will be provided to improve the traditional existing mechanisms towards more
performance-oriented reporting and monitoring. The Danish embassy will undertake
reviews, alone or jointly with GoV and other donors, of the progress of the component.
Key assumptions, pre-conditions etc.
There are five main assumptions that are critical to the achievement of the objectives of
the component:
1. A ‘National Target Programme to respond to climate change’ of sufficient quality
approved and funded from 2009
2. Other line ministries represented on the Steering Committee for the NTP-RCC
will play a constructive role in implementing the NTP-RCC
3. The two pilot provinces will demonstrate commitment and capacity to prepare
and implement NTP-RCC at provincial level
Assumption number one above it is taken as a pre-condition for the Danida transfer of
funds.
2
In case that for unknown reasons this will not be possible there will be arrange annual meetings between
the standing office of the two national programs for discussion and agreement on the annual work plan and
budget.
iv
Table of contents
Executive summary.............................................................................................................. i
Table of contents ......................................................................................................... v
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. vi
1
Background and strategy for the support ............................................. 1
2
Objectives ................................................................................................. 4
3
Outputs ..................................................................................................... 5
4
Contribution to cross-cutting issues and priority themes ................... 6
5
Budget....................................................................................................... 9
6
Management and organisation ............................................................. 11
6.1
Guiding principles ........................................................................................ 11
6.2
Implementing agencies................................................................................. 11
6.3
Management and organization procedures................................................... 11
6.4
Revision and adjustment to the component support .................................... 14
7
Financial management and procurement ........................................... 14
8
Reporting, monitoring, reviews and evaluation ................................. 15
8.1
Guiding principles ........................................................................................ 15
8.2
indicators ...................................................................................................... 16
9
Key assumptions and risks ................................................................... 18
10
Component Implementation Plan ........................................................ 20
Table of Appendices
Annex A:
NTP-RCC (DRAFT PROPOSAL)23
Annex B:
BUDGET DETAILS
Annex C:
JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR DANIDA LONG-TERM ADVISERS
Annex D:
MAP OF QUANG NAM AND BEN TRE PROVINCES
v
Abbreviations
CCA
CPRGS
DARD
DKK
DOH
DONRE
GDP
GOV
ICD
IMHEN
LFA
MARD
MOF
MONRE
MPI
NDRM
NHMS
NSC
NSF
NTP-RCC
ODA
PAR
PPC
QA
SEA
TA
ToR
UNDP
VEPF
VND
Climate change adaptation
Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
Danish Kroner
Department of Health
Department of Natural Resources and Environment
Gross Domestic Product
Government of Vietnam
International Cooperation Department
Institute for Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment
Logical Framework Analysis
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Ministry of Planning and Investment
Natural Disaster Risk Management
National Hydro-Meteorological Service
National Steering Committee
National Sector Framework
National Target Program to respond to climate change
Official Development Assistance
Public Administration Programme
Provincial People’s Committee
Quality assurance
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Technical assistance
Terms of Reference
United Nations Development Program
Vietnam Environmental Protection Fund
Vietnamese Dong
vi
1
BACKGROUND AND STRATEGY FOR THE SUPPORT
According to a recent World Bank study3, Vietnam ranks among the top five developing
countries most impacted by climate change, especially due to sea level rise. Anticipating
a sea level rise of 1 m, it is estimated that the economic losses would amount to 10% of
GDP. That would mean a serious blow to Vietnam’s strategy of sustained economic
growth as the main mechanism for poverty alleviation.
In addition to the long-term climate change vulnerability, Vietnam is also one of the
countries most prone to natural disasters, especially typhoons and floods. It is estimated
that the frequency and extent of such natural disasters will increase with climate change.
Despite this vulnerability the focus has traditionally been on responding to disasters and
mitigating their effects. With the increasing focus on climate change and its likely
consequences for Vietnam this is gradually – but slowly – changing and there is a
growing acknowledgement within Government agencies that more attention needs to be
paid to disaster preparedness and longer term risk reduction within a general national
planning framework for climate change adaptation.
National sector framework on climate change adaptation and disaster response
Because natural disasters in Vietnam most often mean water related disasters (typically
floods), the responsibility for weather/climate-related disaster management in Vietnam is
with Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), who has the
responsibility for constructing and maintaining dykes and water infrastructure.
The national sector framework and the institutional capacity for disaster risk management
are relatively well developed. There are clear policies, plans, and allocations of
responsibilities. An effective coordination of state and non-state actors is evident e.g.
from the National Partnership on Disaster Management, chaired and hosted by MARD. A
national strategy for disaster mitigation and response has been prepared under the
leadership of MARD. Concern has been voiced over its quality; for instance, it does not
adequately take account of climate change. Although policy is set at the central level,
action is coordinated and taken at local levels. Institutions that provide scientific and
climate/ weather related information services are growing in strength, not least as a result
of international cooperation. There are still many challenges faced by the disaster risk
management institutional set up including shortcomings in data and information
exchange, coordination, degree of flexibility/ autonomy in local decision making and
maintenance of an appropriate focus on longer term preventative measures.
The NSF and institutional capacity for climate change is under development as part of the
NTP-RCC. Although MONRE, as the lead agency for climate change and the formulation
of NTP-RCC, has potentially many of the institutes, systems, staff resources and skills
needed to fulfil its leadership role, there is a strong need for highest level involvement in
order to ensure mainstreaming of climate change into Vietnam’s development. The Prime
3
The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: A comparative analysis. Dasgupta et al. World Bank
Policy Research Working Paper 4136, February 2007
1
Minister has agreed to this fact and has decided to head the National Steering Committee
for NTP-RCC.
There are a number of ongoing climate change adaptation measures being undertaken by
Vietnam often in partnership with international cooperation efforts 4 . More than 20
different initiatives and projects explicitly contribute to climate change adaptation and
there are many more agricultural, natural resources and planning efforts that implicitly
contribute. These initiatives have until now been undertaken in the absence of a cohesive
national program.
However, in response to the new challenges of climate change, the prime minister issued
a resolution (December 2007) calling for Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
(MONRE) to be the lead agency in formulation of a National Target Program to Respond
to Climate Change (NTP-RCC). The overall objective of the program is to enhance
Vietnam’s capacity and efficiency to response to climate change. The time frame for the
program is: phase I 2008-2010, start-up; phase II 2011-2015, implementation; phase III
2016-, development. The total budget for the NTP-RCC is approximately DKK 658
Million (VND 2254 Billion) for the period 2009-2015.
MONRE is expected to be the host of the standing office of the NTP-RCC, however it
involves a significant number of other ministries including Agriculture and Rural
Development, Finance, Planning and Investment, Health, Science and Technology and
Industry and Trade.
The program is formulated by mid 2008 and will provide a comprehensive national plan
around which all other efforts can unify. The Government approval of the NTP-RCC will
take place in the second half of 2008 in the following manner:




10th July 2008: NTP-RCC document circulated to the Ministries of Planning and
Investment, Justice, and Finance, as well as to the Office of the Government for
legal screening and appraisal (45 days procedure).
25-28 August 2008: Presentation of NTP-RCC to the Vietnamese cabinet for
initial endorsement.
Mid-October 2008: Presentation to the National Assembly (based on the initial
endorsement by the Cabinet) for endorsement.
December 2008: Official approval of NTP-RCC by the Government of Vietnam
The NTP-RCC is based on following main philosophy:
 Responding to Climate Change must base on sustainable development,
interaction among sectors/inter-sectors, regions/inter-regions, gender equality and
poverty alleviation;
 Activities to cope with climate change should be done with the consideration of
the main vulnerable and counting for both immediate impacts and hidden risks in
4
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) – Risø, Climate Check in Vietnam December 2005,
Annex II
2



the long run;
Responding to climate change is the responsibility of the whole society, all
authority levels, sectors, various organisations, communities and of every single
citizen.
Responding to climate change is of national, regional and global importance.
Responding to climate change in Vietnam is primarily related to adaptation
however mitigation will be approached under the “common and differentiated
responsibilities” approach and provided the developed world support with
sufficient capital and technology transfer.
The specific goals of the NTP-RCC are:
 Establish detailed climate change scenarios for Vietnam to form the basis for
prioritising activities and investments
 Strengthen science and technology in order to find practical solutions to better
respond to/cope with climate change
 Develop and implement climate change action plans in different ministries/sectors
and locations and implement pilot project, in terms of “no-regret” activities
 Integrate climate change into strategies and socio-economic development and
sector development planning
 Develop organisational and institutional capacity
 Raise awareness.
Component focus and strategy
The component focuses on supporting the above mentioned NTP-RCC implementation. It
is foreseen that 50% of the budget for the NTP-RCC will be Government of Vietnam
(GOV) funds and 50% of the international sources among which the Danish contribution
will act as co-financing.
The component will strengthen MONRE’s capacity for adaptation and response to
climate change at central level and support implementation of concrete and replicable
“on-the-ground” CCA activities coordinated by Department of Natural Resources and
Environment (DONRE) at provincial level in two coastal provinces – Quang Nam on the
central coast and Ben Tre in the Mekong delta.
Building on the NTP-RCC and circulars and guidelines for its implementation developed
as part of the national level support, funds for CCA interventions at provincial level will
be provided. The funds provided will act as co-financing of the NTP-RCC. Danish
support in kind earmarked to the two provinces. CCA activities at this level are foreseen
to involve a wide range of stakeholders other than MONRE and DONREs. Activities may
include construction or upgrading of dikes, development of more robust agricultural
practices, afforestation of hillsides, land use planning, prevention of salt water intrusion,
capacity building, awareness raising, etc. Use of the funds at provincial level will be
guided by the NTP-RCC. The component will support NTP-RCC activities identified in
consultation with provincial level stakeholders and local communities. The component
will primarily support NTP-RCC activities with a scope for replication and transfer as
3
good practice to other provinces, and those providing best value for money. Equally
important, the component will prioritise NTP-RCC interventions that increase the
resilience of poor communities in areas prone to natural weather related disasters. The
component will promote a long-term perspective and approach to infrastructure
protection by promoting and applying proper operation and maintenance procedures.
The provincial support will focus on getting climate change adaptation measures into the
environmental and land use planning. Climate change adaptation is much about better
planning and the use of different information (future projections) in recognition that the
future will be different from the past. All adaptive actions should try to achieve a benefit
now, a benefit in the future, and preferably provide a benefit whether or not the projected
climate changes become reality (so-called “No regret” activities).
The rationale for the choice of the 2 specific provinces is that the central and southern
regions of Vietnam are potentially the most affected areas by extreme climatic events.
Quang Nam and Ben Tre provinces have already demonstrated, through Danish support
programs on environmental protection, their ability to make good use of external support.
Thus transaction costs will be reduced and the speed of implementation will be increased
and synergies will be possible with other support programs in these provinces.
The situation on climate change adaptation in Vietnam is uncertain at the time of writing.
New policy initiatives are being launched at short intervals, new players are joining the
support base for funding CCA initiatives, and climate change is climbing up on the
agenda across many Government institutions. This means the national sector framework
may look different at the time of implementation start than now. Therefore, it has been
attempted to interpret the current signals to the degree possible and allow for some
flexibility in the component design. It is, however, likely that some circumstances have
changed in a way that may prompt the need for design corrections. It is anticipated that
the first six months of the implementations be considered an inception period where the
necessary needs for changes, if any, be identified and assessed.
2
OBJECTIVES
The development objective of the CCA – NTP is similar to the strategic objective of the
NTP-RCC: “Enhance Vietnam’s capacity and efficiency in response to climate change in
order to ensure sustainable development, protect people from harmful impacts of climate
change, prevent and reduce risks posed by climate change; join the international
community’s efforts to mitigate climate change impacts and protect the global climatic
system”
The immediate objective of the CCA-NTP and the component support is:
“Strengthened capacity of Central and Provincial Governments to coordinate and
implement climate change adaptation interventions through specific pilot interventions”
4
3
OUTPUTS
The component support to NTP-RCC is only specified in two main outputs. The outputs
are divided in this manner to ensure that resources are reaching local level through the
provincial people committees (PPC) and utilised for specific climate change activities
benefitting the most vulnerable groups and locations. The sub-outputs are directly linked
with the outputs specified in NTP-RCC.
Output 1: General support to NTP-RCC.
The NTP-RCC main outputs are related to establishment of climate scenarios; integration
of CC into strategies and plans; development of sector and location CC action plans;
support CC science and development of CC relevant technology; raise CC awareness and
organisational and institutional capacity. These outputs will be reached through an
approach (similar to NTP-RCC) of community consultations, multi-sector linkages,
utilising traditional and local experiences and knowledge, relaying on national, regional
and sectoral organisations/agencies; flexibility, simplicity and comprehensiveness.
The NTP-RCC plans to have climate change scenarios established and CC impact studies
finalised by the end of 2010. These will form a very important basis for almost all other
work related to CC, as they will enable prioritisation among locations and issues. Specific
international technical assistance is foreseen for these studies. There is a challenge in
ensure a high level of research quality in the relative short time frame given.
The next step will be to identify specific solutions to cope with the priority areas. These
are expected to be in the field of:
Water resources
Secure sufficient clean water: optimise water use by applying methods for storage
and effective utilisation, protect and maintain water sources and control water
pollution.
Agriculture
Ensure food security: Diversify crops, change cropping seasons/area/patterns;
optimise irrigation, avoid flooding, erosion and soil nutrient leaching in
precipitation increasing areas; promote water efficient use and technologies for
maintaining soil moisture in precipitation decreasing areas; diversify income
sources; improve pest management; use weather forecast to minimise production
risks. Promote biogas.
Forestry
Strengthen the forest: Improving forest management, protection and composition.
Use forest for increasing CO2 absorption by increasing forest cover from 37% in
2005 till 47% in 2015.
Health
5
Ensure public health: establish system to monitor environmental health including
impacts of climate change. Strengthen disease prevention including hygiene and
sanitary measures.
Output 2: Implementation of ‘National Target Program to respond to climate change’
supported in two provinces
The component will support investments in climate change adaptation in accordance with
the NTP-RCC in two provinces, Quang Nam and Ben Tre. Investment interventions will
depend on regional scenarios, but will be in line with the above mentioned areas of
interventions and may include construction or upgrading of dikes and gates, development
of more robust agricultural practices, afforestation of hillsides, protection of water
resources from salt intrusion, land use planning etc. The selected projects must give
priority to vulnerable groups and locations and be in line with the overall principles of
“no-regret” interventions. The provincial activities are seen as important testing ground in
order to ensure high efficiency and impact of the interventions for replication in other
provinces.
An important element of the support to the provinces is foreseen to be strengthening of
land use planning, as it is a key element in climate change adaptation. This output will
strengthen the capacity of the provincial authorities including the provincial standing
office of NTP-RCC (expected to be the provincial arm of MONRE called Department of
Natural Resources and Environment) to take potential climate change impacts into
account in planning procedures and consider the climate change impacts alongside with
environmental and social implications of proposed plans.
It is generally found to be an advantage if the project ideas are developed at the grassroots level, and it would most likely be an advantage to let the envisaged Provincial
Programme Centres in Ben Tre and Quang Nam provinces include stakeholders from
villages and communities in selection of pilot-projects for the CCA component.
Two disaster prone provinces will be supported, i.e. Quang Nam in Central and Ben Tre
in Southern Vietnam (Mekong Delta). These are regions expected to become more
susceptible to stronger and more frequent typhoons and storms in the future. The Mekong
delta represents a region particularly vulnerable to sea level rise, with a huge number of
people, natural resources and infrastructure potentially affected. It is anticipated that both
provinces will be assessed to be among the most vulnerable to climate change.
4
CONTRIBUTION TO CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES AND PRIORITY
THEMES
Poverty reduction
The poorest and most marginalized parts of the population are most vulnerable to
disasters caused by extreme weather conditions and the least able to recover. The rural
poor are particularly dependent on the direct use of natural resources and therefore most
severely affected when the environment is degraded. With limited capacities and
6
resources at their disposal to respond to climate induced stresses such as droughts and
floods, the poor’s ability to meet basic needs and move out of poverty is constrained5.
Moreover, the poor often, due to poor access to land and other resources, live in the areas
most prone to natural disasters, such as close to river banks, on steep hillsides and close
to insecure coastlines. Those who can afford it, avoid such areas. CCA measures have the
potential to provide people with the means to prevent and recover from disasters.
Measures such as advanced methods of farming and production, training in alternative
income generating activities, better technological possibilities, can decrease the
vulnerability of these people.
Therefore, by reducing the vulnerability of communities to climate change there is a
better chance of getting out of poverty. Hence, the component has significant potential to
contribute to poverty reduction among the poorest communities.
Table 4.1 below gives examples of positive and possible negative effects of adaptation
measures.
Table 4.1 Examples of positive and possible negative effects of adaptation measures
Examples
of
Climate
Adaptation Measures
Early flood warning systems
Improvement of dykes
Re-location of habitation
Mitigation
intrusion
Changed
practises
of
salt
water
agricultural
Establishment of mangroves
Integration of climate aspects
in land-use planning
Positive effect on the poor
and poverty
Improved warning is likely to
be more important for the
poor
who
have
fewer
resources
for
quick
mobilisation.
Improved
protection
for
people, animals and crops
A properly planned and
financed
relocation
might
improve conditions in the
longer run for some of the
poor
Better protection of drinking
water
resources
and
irrigation water resources
Well planned and supported
change plans might improve
conditions for the poor. (“A
new start”)
Option
for
artisanal
aquaculture.
Improved
conditions
for
proper location – if properly
planned
Negative effect on the poor
and poverty
None
Improvement of dykes may
necessitate
relocation
or
reduced access to resources
Significant if compensation is
insufficient.
Relocation
is
likely to be to areas which
already experience stress on
resources.
As for dykes if dykes are part
of the measure.
Establishment of mangroves
may
necessitate
discontinuation or relocation
of
existing
aquaculture
systems.
Risk of relocation out of
endangered areas
5 Climate Change, Vulnerable Communities and Adaptation. Livelihoods and Climate Change. Information
Paper 1: Increasing Community Resilience to Climate-Related Disasters through Sustainable Livelihoods.
International Institute for Sustainable Development, December 2003.
7
Environment
Environment is a part of climate change and is therefore also part of the support to NTPRCC.
The Government’s main policy on environment is the ‘National Strategy for
Environmental Protection until 2010 and vision towards 2020’ (approved by the Prime
Minister (PM) in Dec. 2003). It provides a strategy for mainstreaming environment in all
sectors. The NSF for environment is strong in terms of policy, strategy and ownership. It
sets as one of the general objectives to be achieved before 2010: ‘To improve capacities
in the prevention and control of adverse impacts of natural disasters, particularly those of
climate change; effectively respond and rescue, and remedy environmental incidents
caused by natural disasters.’
The responsibility of organizing Government interventions to reach these objectives rests
with MONRE, in coordination with relevant ministries/industries and local authorities6.
The main challenges are that longer term sustainable development approaches are not yet
deeply rooted in Government or in the society and environmental monitoring and
enforcement is insufficient and under resourced. Pollution is therefore increasing. This is
linked to the strong focus on economic growth and poverty reduction that GoV is
pursuing. It is not unlikely that the focus on climate change may enhance the
commitment to environmental protection, as degradation of natural resources will
increase the risk associated with climate change.
In addition, as earlier mentioned, a new national strategy on ‘Natural Disaster Prevention,
Response and Mitigation to 2020’, was very recently approved by the Prime Minister7.
This strategy emphasises the importance of the environment in preventing, responding
and mitigating natural disasters including those caused by or made worse by climate
change.
Environmental issues will by virtue of the very theme of the component play a central
role in the implementation. The climate itself is an overarching constituting element of
the environment and also affects the environment, people and infrastructure. The main
idea of the component is to mainstream consideration of climatic factors and effects – and
thereby the environment – into sector planning.
Governance
The Government’s policies and strategies on Governance are stated in the
Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS) as well as being
reflected in the national Public Administration Reform Programme (PAR) 2006-2010.
6
7
MONRE Five-Year Plan 2006-2010, Part II, Section 2, point 3, page 18. December 2005.
Decree 172/2007/ND-CP, 19 November 2007
8
The CRPGS states that one of the overall objectives of the Vietnamese Government is “to
build a healthy, effective, efficient and accountable State Administration at all levels that
can develop policies and provide services to meet people’s needs, to encourage the
creation of opportunities for the poor and the disadvantaged in order to help them realize
their potential 8 .” This objective is general, but indicates a clear commitment to
strengthening the Government structures and links this achievement to the goal of
ensuring people’s access to services and opportunities. Such achievement is highly
relevant in relation with the interventions required with climate change and environment.
The decision to prepare a ‘National Target Program in coping with climate change’ is an
indication that the Government takes seriously its responsibility to protect and secure the
lives and assets of the Vietnamese people.
Within the Vietnamese system there is a tendency to centralism in decision-making,
resource allocation and priority-setting. The component will emphasise and promote
aspects of decentralisation by working with and strengthening provincial administrations
and by providing resources earmarked to the provincial level, to be allocated according to
local priorities commensurate with the NTP-RCC regulations and guidelines.
Expected impact of the component support
The CCA-NTP support will start when the NTP-RCC starts and it will therefore be
central in monitoring its start. The component support is expected to lead to a
considerable improvement in the prevention and effective response to climate induced
changes and natural disasters. Ultimately this will improve the living standards, health
and welfare of the people presently affected by climate change and those who would
otherwise be more severely affected in the future.
Climate changes in Vietnam are more likely to affect the poorer, marginalised groups
whose livelihoods are dependent on natural resources and who inhabit low lying and
flood exposed and drought prone areas. The NTP-RCC and the component support will
thus assist in reducing the poverty of these people mainly but not only through
preventative means.
5
BUDGET
The support Component budget is DKK 130 million over 5 years – is a mixture of
recurrent costs including national technical assistance (20%), international technical
assistance (20%), and investments in adaptation interventions (60%). This includes a
long-term Adviser at central level ( at the Standing Office for NTP-RCC) for 24 months
in the beginning of the programme support period, and two Advisers at provincial level,
one in each of the two provinces already chosen, with the host of provincial Standing
Office for implementation of NTP-RCC), for 30 months. Draft job descriptions for the
advisers are provided in Annex B.
Resources for short-term TA will be provided, according to demand, to support the
outputs. The amount of international TA envisaged are 54 man-months for each output
8
CPRGS, Part III, Section I, point 5, page 53. November 2003.
9
totalling 109 man-months. The short-term national TA is part of the recurrent budget and
is estimated at 144 man-months for output 1 and 216 man-months for output 2 totalling
360 local man-months. However, these estimates are for initial budgeting purpose only
and the actual demand will determine the utilisation of the allocated budget. In addition
to TA, support will be given to certain recurrent costs (surveys, workshops, printing,
translation, etc.). Finally, the major element of the support is co-financing of investments
in concrete interventions under the NTP-RCC, with the majority earmarked for use in the
two provinces.
The overall budget (table 5.2) and the estimated annual breakdown (table 5.3) are as
follows:
Table 5.2 Overall budget
(m DKK)
CCA-NTP
Output
2009-2013
Invest
-ment
DKK
1
2
NTP-RCC
Provincial
interventions
Total
Danida contribution
Recur Int.
-rent
TA
Total
DKK
DKK
GoV
DKK
DKK
15.2
18.3
11.4
44.9
64.0
79.2
6.1
24.4
15.1
26.4
85.1
130.0
Other
Viet
DKK
Other
donor
DKK
Total
DKK
44.9
164.4
164.4
198.8
85.1
657.5
2013
DKK
7.4
23.1
30.5
32.9
32.9
39.8
96.3
Total
DKK
44.9
85.1
130.0
164.4
164.4
198.8
657.5
Table 5.3 The estimated annual breakdown
Annual budget (m
Component: CCA-NTP
2009
Output
DKK
1 NTP
6.7
2 Provincial interventions
1.7
Total Danida contribution
8.4
Total GoV Contribution
32.9
Other Viet contribution
32.9
Other Donors
39.8
Total all sources
74.1
DKK)
2010
DKK
11.8
15.9
27.7
32.9
32.9
39.8
93.5
2011
DKK
9.6
19.9
29.4
32.9
32.9
39.8
95.2
2012
DKK
9.4
24.6
34.0
32.9
32.9
39.8
99.7
A detailed budget for the component can be found in Annex A. It should be noted that
GoV cost norms will apply for the funds transferred to MOF. The cost levels in the
detailed budget are therefore only indicative and used as the base for calculations.
The Danida contribution of DKK 200 million will supplement an estimated GOV
contribution of some DKK 219 million and leverage estimated investments from the
private sector and other Vietnamese sources of over DKK 216 million as well as
contributions from other donors of almost DKK 200 million. The programme will start in
January 2009 and last for 5 years.
10
6
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION
6.1
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
The core principle is that to the extent possible the support interventions will be fully
aligned to the Vietnamese national systems. For this component the lead agency of NTPRCC will be the national lead agency at central/national level and the two PPC’s will be
lead agencies at the provincial level under the umbrella of the NTP-RCC.
6.2
IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
The implementing agencies involved in the component and the nature of their role reflect
the arrangements of the NTP-RCC and are shown below (table 6.1). MONRE will be the
national lead agency at central level for the NTP-RCC (outputs 1) and the Provincial
People’s Committees (PPC’s) will be lead agencies at the provincial level (output 2).
Table 6.1 Implementing agencies involved in the component
Technical
assistance/Capacity
building
Recurrent
costs
Int. TA
Investment
State management
Standing Office of the National
agency: MONRE)
Target Program-RCC (lead
Provincial Standing Office of the National Target Program-RCC
(lead agency: PPC of Quang Nam / Ben Tre)
Provided in kind
Standing Office of the proposed National Target Program (lead
agency: MONRE)
Provincial Standing Office of the proposed national Target
Program (lead agency: PPC of Quang Nam / Ben Tre)
6.3
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION PROCEDURES
Decision making and coordination
Implementation arrangement and decision making will follow the normal state
management principles. For the NTP-RCC this means that the National Steering
Committee (NSC), composed of MONRE, MPI, MOF, MARD and MOFA and chaired
by the Prime Minister will be the highest decision-making body. It will identify
strategies, orientation and solutions to cope with climate as well as assessing the progress
of the NTP-RCC.
In addition to the NSC it is planned to form a Program Executive Board chaired by
Minister of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment as the Chief, Deputy
Minister of Ministry of Planning and Investment as the Deputy Chief, Deputy Minister
of Ministry of Finance as the Deputy Chief and other members are the leaders of
ministries and sectors including Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development,
Diplomatic, Judiciary, Industry and commerce, Labour, Social Invalid; Traffic and
transportation; Construction; Information and Communication, Education and Training;
Interior; Health; Science and Technology; Culture, Sport and Tourism; National
11
Defence; Police; Government office; Committee of Ethnicity; Representatives from mass
organization: Vietnam Farmer Union, HCM Young Communist Party, Vietnam Women
Union, other Unions, etc. and the Danish Embassy9.
This board will have the following functions and duties:
- Organize, instruct and direct the implementation of National target program;
direct the establishment and coordinate the operation of Steering committees
at Ministry/sector and local level;
- Manage, propose budget allocation of National target program;
- Organize and collaborate inter-sector/ inter-area activities to develop projects,
integrate the plan to cope with the climate change into socio-economic
development plan; direct the implementation of big inter-sector and interministry projects; support ministries, sectors and regions in developing action
plan of each ministry, sector and region to cope with climate change;
- Direct supervising, monitoring and evaluating the results of the
implementation of National Target Programme;
- Direct the information dissemination, education, raising awareness of all
levels, sectors and the community of the climate change; develop and operate
the mechanism of the communication and advocacy on climate change;
- Synthesise periodical reports (quarterly, annual) on the implementation of
National Target Programme to related agencies.
The board will be supported by a secretariat in MONRE.
Overall managerial and coordination responsibility for the component support will lie
with the director of the department hosting the Standing Office. The Director will appoint
a person responsible for the day-to-day operations.
The chairman of the individual PPC will be responsible for the implementation of the
NTP-RCC at provincial level. DONRE will host a Standing Office for coordination of the
work at provincial level.
Since the support will be provided to the NTP-RCC and pooled with other sources of
funds there is no need for specific component management procedures for investments;
the funds will be used in accordance with procedures and regulations Governed by the
NTP-RCC.
Work plans and budgets
Each year, annual work plans and budgets for the following year will be prepared by the
Standing Offices, as required by the NTP-RCC document, and submitted to the Steering
Committee and later the Ministry of Finance (MOF) for approval. Where necessary they
will be coordinated using the coordinated management instruments described above.
9
an annual review meeting between the individual standing office and the EDK will take place before the
work plans and budgets are presented to the national steering committee in case the Danish embassy for
unknown reasons will not be allowed to be a member of the board,
12
Following the normal state management systems, the annual work plans and budgets are
the operational basis for decision making.
Reporting
In line with normal state management practice, each year, a report on last year’s progress,
performance and expenditure in comparison with plans/budgets will be made by the
Standing Offices. The report will explain deviations, problems faced and provide
suggestions for how to avoid future problems as well as identifying new opportunities
that can be exploited.
Semi-annual financial reports will be produced.
Monitoring & Evaluation
As mentioned in chapter 8 a fully fledged performance monitoring and measurement
system is not in place but is expected to become part of the NTP-RCC. The system that
will be designed, approved and implemented will make a number of managerial demands
that will need to be accommodated but which cannot be foreseen at present. The Standing
Offices will be the main responsible bodies for monitoring activities.
Role of TA and donors
The arrangements described are fully in line with state management systems as regards
NTP-RCC mechanisms. However, it is recognized that MONRE has no experience in
coordinating a NTP-RCC and may thus require support in fully implementing the
managerial arrangements described above. Therefore, TA will be provided to support the
strategic strengthening of the NTP-RCC at national level. Similarly, it is acknowledged
that the challenge of integrating climate change aspects into strategic environmental and
land use planning may be significant and therefore a long-term adviser will be provided
for each of the two provinces in order to assist in taking on this added challenge at
provincial level. The idea is for the advisers to strengthen the capacity of the units
responsible for climate change adaptation (e.g. through on-the-job coaching,
demonstration of experiences and good practices from other places, etc.) and not to act as
gap fillers in the routine work of the host institutions.
One of the roles of TA will thus be to support the implementation of an effective
management of the NTP-RCC program. Other roles are outline in the detailed job
description in the annexes.
The donors and in this case the Danish Embassy in Hanoi, will have a supervisory role in
satisfying themselves that the assistance channelled via the NTP-RCC is being
implemented as intended and is reaching the desired aims. This supervisory role will be
exercised once a year during the annual review process as described in chapter 9.
Investment management
Since the support will be provided to the NTP-RCC and pooled with other sources of
funds there is no need for specific component management procedures for investments;
13
the funds will be used in accordance with procedures and regulations Governed by the
NTP-RCC.
The Danish contribution to the NTP-RCC will be earmarked to investments in CCA
interventions in the provinces. The sustainability of investments will be assured through
targeted TA delivered in kind to underpin CCA investments in those two provinces.
6.4
REVISION AND ADJUSTMENT TO THE COMPONENT SUPPORT
The component can be adjusted or revised in case the NTP-RCC NSC will agree to do so,
however the overall objective must remain. It could be based on recommendations from
relevant stakeholders and partners. The Danish Embassy would have to approve the
adjustment.
If during the year, significant deviations occur, that impact on the achievement of the
objectives or imply over- or under-spending in relation to approved budgets, then the
NTP-RCC standing office as the implementing agency will inform the Embassy in
writing a priori.
7
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT
In general, the budgeting and allocation of funds will follow GoV procedures as specified
for the NTP-RCC.
Short-term international TA will be fielded according to needs and requirements as
defined by the Standing Offices supported by the international Advisers. The relevant
Standing Office will forward requests for international TA to the Danish Embassy.
However all international TA (including long-term advisers) will be procured by the
Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs according to Danish rules and cost norms
(recruitment will be jointly and participatory between the lead agency and the Danish
Embassy). Auditing of the Int. TA services will also take place according to Danish rules.
A summary of the financial procedures for the funds administered by GOV looks as
shown in table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Financial procedures for the funds administered by GoV
Area
Planning and
budgeting
Outline procedures
The project owner (NTP-RCC standing office) will on behalf of the steering
committee draft an annual work plan and budget for the NTP-RCC. This
will be subject to approval by the steering committee including the cofinancing donors. The budget will specify: i) the amounts to be transferred to
the program by the MOF directly; ii) the amount transferred by Danida and
other donors via the MOF to the NTP-RCC and iii) the amounts provided as
project aid or in kind.
Funds transfer
The funds approved in the annual work plan will be transferred from the
Embassy to the MOF in two six monthly transfers. The MOF will then,
following its detailed procedures (Circular 82/2007/TT-BTC) transfer the
14
Area
Outline procedures
funds to MONRE and the provincial Department of Finance.
Accounting and
reporting
The NTP-RCC will provide quarterly or semi-annual progress and financial
reports (as defined in the NTP-RCC) based on the normal Government
accountancy systems.
Procurement
Procurement for activities will follow GOV procedures and norms.
Auditing
GoV audits are carried out every 2 years at MONRE level and PPC and
every 2 -3 years at the national program level. State Audit Law 2006.The
SAV audits will be supplemented by additional independent audits financed
by the program overall budget. The audits will be in the form of periodic
audits as well as additional value-for-money audits and procurement audits.
8
REPORTING, MONITORING, REVIEWS AND EVALUATION
8.1
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
The overall principles for the reporting and monitoring of the program and its
components are given in the program document. The core principle the support
interventions will be fully aligned to the Vietnamese national reporting and monitoring
systems.
Reporting
The standard practice within state management functions is that each department makes
semi-annual progress reports based on their approved work plan and budget. The reports
vary in length, detail and format but normally include a section on the quantitative
progress of achievements against that planned, actual expenditure against that planned,
explanations for deviations and suggestions for improvements.
Based on a few samples of reports from DONRE and MONRE units it appears that the
Vietnamese reports focus on describing fulfilment of quantitative targets rather than the
quality or effect of outputs or performance achieved. There seems to be little analysis and
reflection of lessons learned and recommendations for changes. The TA support will
assist the NTP-RCC standing office and DONRE’s in introducing and improving output
and performance based reporting.
However, there will be no separate reporting mechanism for the component support. The
reporting will be in the form of the reporting required for the NTP-RCC and the
implementing agencies’ (Standing office, DONRE) regular 6-monthly reports. The NTPRCC reporting may be quarterly, semi-annually or annually, as the Steering Committee
decides.
15
Monitoring
Generally speaking the Government system does not operate with a strict Logical
Framework Analysis (LFA) planning system or monitor by using pre-defined indicators.
However, as shown below, the NTP-RCC does include a long list of targets.
Although monitoring is not formalized and comprehensive in the Vietnamese state
management system, there are common practices which provide a means of measuring
performance. These include: i) setting of targets which can be considered as indicators
and which provide a higher-level source of performance measurement information; ii)
use of managerial oversight and judgment on performance based on a range of formal and
informal information.
Reviews
The GOV will, on a case by case basis undertake reviews of national programs – often in
relation to starting a second phase e.g. where the Ministry of Planning and Investment
(MPI) appraisal system demands more information than is available without a review.
Danida reviews will be made in the second and fourth year of implementation (2010 and
2012) with the purpose of assessing the progress of the component, either overall or
within specific (technical) outputs or locations and to provide recommendations for
enhancement and improvements. These will be used as inspiration for discussions of
required changes in the support as well as identify needs for further studies. The reviews
will be undertaken jointly with GOV and other donors if possible/advantageous.
A program supervision mission is planned each year to check in detail on the validity of
assumptions, the achievement of key indicators and the operation of safeguards. The
purpose of the supervision mission is to make a detailed check on how well the national
systems are working and to provide hard information on successes and failings. It will be
considered to combine the supervision mission with the review mission in the years the
latter is undertaken.
Evaluation
No evaluation is planned.
8.2
INDICATORS
The indicators for the NTP-RCC are the targets formulated for this program. They are
rather output or even activity oriented at present. They are divided between main tasks
and have a dead line. Below are some of the key targets10:
By end of 2010:
10
Based on unofficial translation version “post 3. Camp” 22/6/2008
16

Complete developing the scenario of climate change and sea level rise in
Vietnam on the scientific and practical basis.

Complete the assessment on the impacts of the climate change and sea
level rise on various fields, sectors and localities, especially those are
sensitive and vulnerable to climate change (water resources, irrigation,
agriculture, health, livelihood, and plain and coastal areas)

Succeed in finding solutions to responding to climate change in various
fields, sectors and areas, which are sensitive and vulnerable to climate
change and sea level rise

Run pilot projects in responding to climate change in fields, sectors and
areas, which are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and sea level
rise

The action plans for ministries/sectors and localities start to be
implemented in the localities and ministries are supposed to manage the
sensitive and vulnerable sectors and fields due to climate change

The development of the mechanism to integrate the climate change factors
into the strategic environment assessment/ environment impact
assessment and the guidelines of implementation is done

Over 10% of residential community, over 65% Government officials have
basic knowledge of climate change and its impact.

The framework of legal documents of mechanism and policies to
stimulate investment in the projects of clean development mechanism and
the projects to cope with climate change and environment friendly
technology transfer, is supplemented and completed to create favourable
conditions for international partners in investing in Vietnam
By end of 2015

Start the implementation of the solutions to responding to climate change,
which are selected for fields, sectors and areas according to the action
plan

Action plans to adapt to climate change and mitigate climate change of
ministries/sectors and localities are implemented at the first stage.

Over 80% community residents, 100% Government officials /staff
obtained basic knowledge on the climate change and its impact.

The integrating mechanism the climate change factors into the process of
strategic environment assessment/ environment impact assessment is
widely and effectively implemented

The development and implementation of CDM projects in Vietnam are
broadly done in the potential fields and sectors
17
Due to the targeted Danish support to two provinces (Ben Tre and Quang Nam) it is
relevant to included specific indicators at provincial level, however these are of a form
similar to the targets of NTP-RCC and will therefore contribute to the overall monitoring
of NTP-RCC and will provide examples of better monitoring. The provincial indicators
are:
By the end of 2010:
 Provincial CC action plan formulated and approved
 Climate change is integrated into the provincial development plan
 Number of pilot projects benefitting number of people most vulnerable to
CC
By the end of 2013 (end of Danish support under this program)
 Implementation of provincial action plan well underway
 Climate change integrated as an element in provincial land use planning
 Number of pilot projects recommended for other provinces
At the overall level it will be relevant to monitor the GoV contribution compared to the
Danish contribution.
In addition efforts will be directed towards assisting the NTP-RCC in further developing
and monitoring the indicators at the national program level. These indicators will then
serve to measure the performance of the national program and thereby also the
contribution of the Danida support.
9
KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS
There are three main assumptions that are critical to the achievement of the objectives of
the component:
1. A ‘National Target Programme to respond to climate change’ of sufficient quality
approved and funded from 2009. (This assumption is at the same time considered to
be a pre-condition for Danish support to this component.)
2. Other line ministries represented on the Steering Committee for the NTP will play a
constructive role in implementing the NTP
3. The two pilot provinces will demonstrate commitment and capacity to prepare and
implement NTP at provincial level
1) NTP of sufficient quality approved and funded from 2009. The NTP forms the basis for
the component. A good and sound NTP is the national program that the Danish support is
going to align to and therefore a very important part of the design of the component.
Without it, an appropriate national policy and strategy to align to would not exist. The
approval and funding of the NTP before end of 2008 is therefore at the same time
considered a pre-condition for Danish support to the component. There is very high
political commitment to the NTP-RCC from the Prime Minister and it is found unlikely
18
that the NTP-RCC will not be approved before the end of 2008. The time plan is
mentioned in chapter 1.
2) Other line ministries represented on the Steering Committee for the NTP-RCC will
play a constructive role in implementing the NTP-RCC
Although MONRE as the lead ministry plays an influential role in the implementation of
the NTP-RCC, MONRE is far from the only ministry or stakeholder that has a say in the
process. In order to get a smooth and effective implementation of the NTP, it is necessary
that all involved ministries play an active and constructive role towards achieving the
agreed targets. The key ministries will be part of the national steering committee chaired
by the Prime Minister and other relevant ministries will be members of the NTP-RCC
Executive Board.
The risk that influences the assumption is lack of real interest in CCA on the part of some
ministries, or political power struggles between ministries on cross-ministerial resource
allocation issues, which may hamper the implementation.
Efforts to mitigate the risk may include cross-ministerial alliance-building initiatives,
informal consultations to ease resources negotiations, and ensuring “a share for all” from
the early stages of the NTP-RCC. The high level Policy Dialogue Committee could also
play a proactive role in this respect.
An indicator of the status of this assumption is the level of information provided to other
ministries during the preparation process, and the participation from other ministries in
preparatory working groups, seminars, etc.
3) The two pilot provinces will demonstrate commitment and capacity to prepare and
implement NTP at provincial level.
It is necessary that the two pilot provinces engage actively in the preparation of the
provincial activities. The component support can induce some effects in the short term
but for lasting effects to take root the support must be internalised into the provincial
administration.
There is a risk that insufficient funds under NTP-RCC, or provincial level changes in
policy priorities, may reduce the interest of the provinces to engage in long-term climate
related changes of policy-making and planning procedures. Secondly, there is a risk that
the capacity of the DONREs does not enable the provinces to exploit and absorb the full
potential of the interventions and support being made available under the component.
However, the apparent vulnerability of the two provinces to climate change suggests that
they would keep this issue high on the agenda. Visits to both provinces indicate such
commitment and capacity but it must be proven during the implementation period and
beyond.
An indicator for the commitment and capacity of the provinces is the quality of the
provincial action plans for implementation under the NTP.
19
10
COMPONENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The component will start implementation in January 2009 and run until the end of 2013.
20
21
The overall programme outline is as follows:
1
Version VII – updated to June 22 2008
ANNEX A:
NTP-RCC (DRAFT PROPOSAL)
MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL TARGET PROGRAMME IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
(Implementing the Government’s Resolution No. 60/2007/NQ-CP
dated December 3,2007 )
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations
Meaning
TLP
Tropical Low Pressure
NSCNTG
National Steering Committee on National Target Programme in response
to climate change
CC
Climate Change
MoPS
Ministry of Public Security
MoIT
Ministry of Industry and Trade
MoET
Ministry of Education and Training
MoT
Ministry of Transport
MoST
Ministry of Science and Technology
MoPI
Ministry of Planning and Investment
MoLISA
Ministry of Labor, War Invalid and Social Affairs
MoFA
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MARD
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
MoND
Ministry of National Defence
MoJ
Ministry of Justice
MoC
Ministry of Construction
MoNRE
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
MoIC
Ministry of Information and Communication
MoCST
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
MoH
Ministry of Health
CDM
Clean Developmetn Mechanism
NTP
National Target Programme to respond to Climate Change
A21
Agenda 21
SEA
Strategic Environment Assessment
HCMCYU
Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
VFU
Vietnam Farmers’ Union
VWU
Vietnam Women’s Union
IPCC
Inter-Government Panel on Climate Change
KgOE
Kilogram Oil Equivalence
AP
Action Plan
GG
Greenhouse Gas
KP
Kyoto Protocol
Version VII – updated to June 22 2008
S-E
UN
RSL
MTOE
ODA
Tg CO2e
EC
UNFCCC
GO
Socio-economics
United Nations
Sea-level rise
Million of Tons Oil Equivalence
Official Development Aid
Million tons of equvalent CO2
Ethnicity Committee
United Nations Framework on Convention for Climate Change
Government Office
GLOSSARY
1. Weather is atmospheric conditions at a specific location including the composition of
temperature, air pressure, moisture, wind speed and rainfall, etc
2. Climate is usually defined according to the average weather in a period of time
(normally 30 years, WMO)
3. Climate fluctuation is the fluctuation around the average level of the climate in a
period of time and space long enough compared to the individual weather phenomena.
For example, the climate fluctuations such as drought, flood and other conditions are
caused by the El Nino and La Nina cycles.
4. Climate Change is the variation of climate compared to the average state and/or
climate fluctuation over the duration of some decades or more. Climate change is
probably caused by internal natural processes or external influences or human activities
leading to the changes in atmosphere components in land using.
5. Vulnerability to potential impacts of the climate change is the level at which a system
(natural, socio-economic) is vulnerable to climate change or unable to cope with the
negative impacts of climate change
6. Response to climate change is human activities to adapt to and to mitigate climate
change
7. Adapting to climate change is the adjustment of the natural system or human beings
to the changes in surrounding conditions and environment in order to minimize the
vulnerability to current and potential climate changes and fluctuations and make good use
of the opportunities brought by climate change.
8. Mitigating climate change is activities to reduce the level or intensity of greenhouse
gases emission
9. Scenario of climate change is a reliable scientific assumption of the progress in the
future of the relationship among socio-economics, GDP and greenhouse gases emission,
climate change and sea-level rise. Remarkably, climate change scenario is different from
weather and climate forecast because it raises the viewpoint about the constraint between
development and action.
10. Sea-level rise is an increase in sea level on a global scale excluding tide and the
increase in sea level caused by storms. The sea-level rise in a specific location can be
above or below the global average level due to the differences in sea temperature and
other elements.
I. IMPERATIVENESS OF PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT
1.1 Imperativeness of the the Programme
Climate change (CC), above all the global warming and sea-level rise, is one of the
biggest challenges to mankind in the 21st century. Natural calamities and extreme weather
are on the rise in almost everywhere worldwide. The global average temperature and sea
level keep rising at a faster speed than ever before. This has become a notable concern to
all nations.
Climate change has a strong influence on production, life and environment on a global
scale: by 2080 the cereal output will be likely to decrease by 2-4% and cereal price would
rise by 13-45%, the number of people affected by starvation would account for 36-50%;
sea-level rise will cause flood and salt water intrusion, affecting agriculture, posing
considerable risks to future industry and socio-economic system. The infrastructure
works designed in line with the current standard would run the risk of being in unsafe
conditions and of finding it difficult in providing sufficient service in the future
In Vietnam, over the last 50 years, annual average temperature has increased by 0.7 oC
and sea level has surged by 20 cm. Phenomena such as El-Nino and La-Nina have been
affecting heavily on Vietnam. Climate change has actually exacerbated natural disasters,
especially storms, floods and droughts. According to climate projection, Vietnam’s
average temperature may increase by 3% and sea level may increase by 1m in 2100.
According to a World Bank’s assessment, Vietnam is one five countries which are most
affected by climate change and sea-level rise. Red River and Mekong River Deltas are the
most flooded areas. If sea-level rises 1m there will be 10% of the population directly
affected and 10% GDP will be lost. If sea-level rises by 3m there will be 25% of the
population affected and 25% GDP will be threatened and 40,000 km2 of coastal deltas
will be flooded annually in which 80% of Mekong River delta will be totally flooded.
Climate change causes serious impacts and is a tangible challenge to hunger
eradication and poverty alleviation goals and represents as a potential hindrance to
sustainable development and the achievement of the millennium goals.
Sectors and areas, which are most vulnerable and heavily affected by climate change are
agriculture, food, water resource, healthcare and residential areas (especially coastal and
mountainous areas), sea and coastal ecological system, Southern delta, Northern delta and
coastal and mountainous areas especially where flood and landslide occur frequently.
Being aware of the impacts of climate change, the Vietnam Government was quick to
participate in and to ratify UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto
Protocol.
Several ministries, Government agencies and provinces have conducted programmes and
projects to study the progress and impacts of climate change on natural resources,
environment and socio-economic growth, proposing and implementing solutions
addresing this issue.
However, the above-mentioned efforts are not sufficient to effectively address the
impacts and risks caused by climate change.
Developing and implementing the National Target Programme in Response to Climate
Change (hereinafter mentioned as Programme) should be prioritized and considered an
urgency.
1.2. Legal background of National Target Program
Law on Environment Protection states clearly that the Vietnamese Government is willing
to comply with international commitments and responsibilities in regard of environment
protection that Vietnam ratified
In Document No. 1357/CP-QHQT dated November 13, 1998 the Prime Minister assigns
the General Department of Hydrometeorology (now the Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment) as the leading and liaison agency of Vietnam Government in
implementing UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol.
Decree No. 35/2005/CT-TTg dated October 17, 2005 by the Prime Minister regarding the
implementation of Kyoto Protocol in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
in Vietnam.
In Decision No. 47/2007/QĐ-TTg dated April 6th 2007, the Prime Minister assigns
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment as the leading agency in association with
other related branches, sectors and local authorities to implement Kyoto Protocol and
Clean Development Mechanism;
Resolution No. 60/2007/NQ-CP dated December 3, 2007 by the Government assigns the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to lead and coordinate with other related
ministries and branches as well as sectors to develop the National Target Program in
response to global climate change.
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was ratified by the Government of
Vietnam on Nov. 16th 1994 and Kyoto Protocol was ratified in September 2002 .From
February 1995, Vietnam officially became a none listed party in Annex I of the
Convention
II.
judgement on climate change in vietnam
Current situation of Climate Change in Vietnam
According to monitored data, changes in climatic factors have the following
noteworthy features:
+ Temperature: for the last fifty years (1951- 2000), annual average temperature in
Vietnam has increased by 0.7oC. The annual average temperature of the last four decades
(1961 - 2000) is higher than that of three previous decades (1931 - 1960). The annual
average temperatures of the decade from 1991 - 2000 in Hanoi, Danang and Ho Chi Minh
City were 0.8, 0.4 and 0.6oC higher than those of the decade from 1931 - 1940
respectively. In 2007, the annual average temperatures in these three cities were 0.8 –
1.3oC higher than those of the decade from 1931 - 1940, 0.4 – 0.5oC higher than 1991 –
2000 decade.
+ Rainfall: in each specific area, the tendency of the changes in the annual average
rainfall during the last nine decades (1911- 2000) were not clear in terms of various
periods and areas. There were both up and down periods. Within Vietnam territory, the
tendency of the changes in rainfall varies from one region to another.
+ Average sea level: The monitored data for the last 50 years at Cua Ong and Hon
Dau stations has shown that an increase in the average sea level of 20 cm has been
seen. This is in line with the global tendency.
+ The number of cold spells affecting Vietnam has considerably fallen for the last two
decades (at the end of the 20th century and at beginning of the 21st century). In 1994 and
1997 there were only 15 – 16 cold spells (56% of the average number of cold spells in
several previous years). Also, over these last two decades, six out of seven cases had
extraordinary low cold spell (from zero to 1 spell only) in each winter month (from the
month of November to March) (in March, 1990; January, 1993; February, 1994; March,
1990, December, 1994; February, 1997 and November, 1997). Another recent
extraordinary manifestation in terms of climate change was the cold spell resulting in
extreme and damaging cold lasting continuously for thirty eight (38) days starting from
January till February of 2008. This caused great damages to agriculture.
+ Storms: for the last few years, the number of strong storms has increased. The storms
orbits have gradually moved towards Southern latitudes and storm season ends later.
Several storms move in extraordinary orbits.
.
+ The number of annual average drizzly days in Hanoi gradually dropped during
the decade of 1981 and 1990. For the last ten years the annual average number of drizzly
days has half decreased up to 15 days per year.
2.2. Judgement on Climate Change Tendency in Vietnam
By 2100, average temperature in Vietnam may increase by 30C.
Rainfall tends to change inconsistently among various regions. It may increase by 0% 10% in rainy season and by 0% - 5% in dry season. The variability of rainfall is getting
more and more popular.
By 2100, the average sea level of all Vietnam coastal areas may increase up to 100cm
2.3. Judgement on potential impacts of climate change in Vietnam
Vietnam is currently responding to numerous impacts of climate change including
impacts on life, livelihood, natural resources, social structure, infrastructures and
economy. Vietnam is considered as one of the most affected countries by climate change
and sea-level rise. Sufficient investment and effort from the whole society are required to
deal with climate change.
2.3.1 Vulnerability and potential impacts of the climate change
Data and analysis indicate that climate change has potential impacts on various sectors,
localities and various communities in Vietnam. Climate change would worsen
vulnerability and the risk of slowing down and reversing development process. The
poorest living in rural areas are the most vulnerable people to climate change, in
particular those residing in coastal and mountainous areas.
Vulnerability needs to be assessed for each sector, area and community including present
and future. Vulnerability of a system to climate change including climate fluctuations and
extreme weather phenomena depends on the nature, scale and level of climate fluctuation,
the pressures caused by climate change on the system as well as sensibility and
adaptability of the system. The adaptability of a system depends on its natural, socioeconomic and environmental features. The heavier the climage change impact exerts on
the system, and that disproportionally with the system’s adaptability, the more important
the vulnerability will be.
In Vietnam, the most vulnerable sectors and entities to climate change include
agriculture, food security, water resources, healthcare, place of residence (especially in
coastal and mountainous areas); sea and coastal ecological system ( table 2.1 and 2.3)
The vulnerable areas comprise coastal areas (including plains especially the storm, flood,
water rise caused by storm and annual flood – prone areas ) and mountainous areas
(especially the areas with high frequency of strong flooding and landslide) (table 2.1)
Vulnerable communities include farmers, villagers (especially in vulnerable areas), ethnic
minorities in the mountainous areas, old people, women, children and the poorest people
in urban areas who have limited access to opportunities (table 2.1)
2.3.2. Potential impacts of climate change on Vietnam
According to the global assessment by the InterGovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) and initial brief studies by Vietnamese scientists, potential impacts of climate
change on Vietnam are serious and in-depth studies on this matter need to be carried out.
Summary of serious impacts of climate change
Most serious CC impacts to Vietnam could be summarised as follows.
a) Impacts of sea-level rise
Vietnam possesses a coastal line of 3,260 km long, millions of km2 of sea territory, more
than onshore 3,000 islands and two offshore archipelagos and large coastal lowland, in
which more than 80% of the Mekong Delta area and more than 30% of Red River - Thai
Binh River Delta area are 2.5 m below the sea level. Annually, these areas suffer from
heavy floods in the rainy season and a lot of droughts and salt water intrusion in the dry
season. Climate change and sea-level rise worsen the above-mentioned situation,
increasing the flooded areas, hindering drainage and speed up erosion of coastal lines and
salt water intrusion. This affects agriculture and water consumption, posing considerable
risks to civil construction works along the sea such as sea dikes, roads, ports, and
factories, urban and residential areas in the coastal areas. Sea level and sea temperature
rise affects the sea and coastal ecological system, causing risks to coral reefs and
mangrove forests and badly influences the ecological foundation of coastal fishery
capture and aquaculture. All the above-mentioned matters require great investment in
building and upgrading sea dike system to cope with sea-level rise, developing technical
infrastructure, resettling and to build up residential and urban areas with high adaptability
to sea-level rise.
b) Impacts of global warming
The increase in temperature impacts on ecological system, changing temperature
boundaries of inland ecological system and fresh water ecological system, altering the
structure of plants and animals in some specific areas. Some species with temperate and
subtropical origin may vanish, which can lead to degradation of biological diversity.
Regarding agriculture, in some areas there might be some changes in the structure of
plans and animals. In the North winter crop is likely to be shortened or skipped and the
harvest season can extend. This requires adjusting the cultivation methods. The rise in
temperature and greater changeability of temperature including maximum and minimum
temperature together with the fluctuations of other weather factors and natural calamities
increase the risks of insect and diseases, which directs to the fall in productivity and
output and increases risks to agriculture and food security.
The rise in temperature and high humidity increases temperature pressure on human
health, especially old people and children and diseases, especially tropical diseases and
infectious diseases via bacteria and insects as well as the degradation of nutrition and
hygiene conditions.
Rising
temperature also has consequences on energy, transportation, industry,
construction, tourism and commerce in regard of increasing cost for cooling and
ventilating process, maintenance and operation of the equipment, means and material
resistance.
c) Impacts of extreme weather
The increase in the extreme weather and natural disasters in terms of frequency and
intensity due to climate change is common, visible and long-term risk to all sectors, areas
and communities. Storm, flood, drought, heavy rain, hot weather and whirlwind are the
annual disasters in several areas in the country causing damages to manufacture and life.
Climate change will aggrevate those natural calamities, which can be considered
notable risks to socio-economic development including the achievement of millennium
goals. The areas expected to be under biggest impacts of extreme weather phenomena are
coastal Central Area, Northern mountainous area and the North of Central area, Northern
Delta and Mekong Delta.
2. Potential impacts on sectors and areas
a) Impacts of climate change on water resources
Water resources are facing more risks due to ever increasing droughts in some
regions and seasons. This challenge will directly affect the agriculture and water supply
in rural and urban areas as well as power generation.
Changing rainfall patterns can cause serious floods in rainy season and droughts in the
dry sea leading to difficulty to water supply and increase conflicts in water consumption.
In major rivers like Red River and Mekong River, the annual flow is likely to decrease
and the flood flow is likely to increase.
b) Impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security
Climate change has strong impacts on the growth and productivity of plants, crops and
increases the risk of insect infection. Climate change affects the reproduction and growth
of cattle and poultry.
Agriculture is facing with great demand for the development of seedlings and
livestock with efforts to mitigate risks caused by climate change and extreme climate
phenomena.
Due to the warming throughout the territory, the adapting time for tropical plants
is extended while the time for subtropical plants is narrowed. Boundary of tropical plants
has been moved onwards to higher mountainous areas and towards Northern latitudes.
Scope of adaptability of subtropical plants is further reduced. It is estimated that in the
year of 2070, subtropical plants in the mountainous areas could only grow at the belt of
height of more than 100 to 500 m and would move onwards to the North of around 100 to
200 km compared to the current location;
Climate change is likely to increase in frequency, intensive, fluctuation and
extreme of dangerous weather phenomenon such as storms, whirlwind or natural
calamities in relations to the temperature and rain such as hot and dry weather, floods,
sunk or drought, extremely cold, salt encroachment, pestilent insects, reducing
productivity and yield of plants, crops and livestock
Climate change threatens to reduce the agriculture land acreage. A considerable
part of agricultural land of coastal delta, Red river delta and Mekong delta would be saltencroached due to rising of sea level if there is no suitable solution to cope with climate
change.
c) Impacts of climate change on forestry
Due to climate change, forest ecosystem is being affected in different directions:
Rising of sea water level is reducing areas of current submerged forest which causes
negative effects to mangroves and forest plantations on acid land in various provinces in
the South
Boundaries of primeval forests or secondary / transitory forests could also be changed
and removed. Forests with Dipterocarpus Sp (dipterocarpaceae) are expanded towards
the North and other higher belts, forests of falling leaves with high drought resistant
plants are strongly grown;
High temperature in combination with abundant natural light to stimulate the
photosynthesis process resulting in reinforcement of assimilation process in green trees.
However, growth rate of forest plants in terms of living mass organisms could be reduced
due to lower humidity;
An ever increasing in extinction of wildlife and some important timber species such as
Aquilarta Crassna, Da Crydium Pievre hickel, Fokienia hodgninil (Dum) hen ri,
Chukrasia Tabularis, Sindora Siamen Sis, etc could be exhausted.
An ever increase in temperature and level of dry could result in forest fire, widespread of
pests, harmful insects and epidemic diseases, etc.
d) Impacts of climate change on fishery
Rising of sea water level and salt water intrusion process could result into the followings:
Sea water is entering deeply inland which could destroy suitable habitat of some fresh
water fishery species;
Existing mangroves would be narrowed which could affect ecological system of some
fishery species;
The chance to secure organic substance of seaweed ecosystem would be reduced which
could result in a reduction in photosynthesis resources and nutrition for bottom aquacreatures. Therefore living habitat of many fishery species would become worse.
Rising of the temperature would also lead to some consequences such as
Resulting in distinct temperature classification in still water valley affecting directly to
living environment of aqua-creatures;
Some species would have to move to the North or to deeper water, resulting in changes in
aqua-creature structure in depth;
Quicker and shorter photosynthesis and disintegration process of organic substance affect
to the food for aqua-creatures. They would have to spend more energy for respiratory
process and other living activities which could reduce the productivity and quality of
aqua products;
Degradation and destruction of coral reef, changes in physiologic and biochemistry
process which happened in a combined living relationship among coral reef and seaweed;
Heavy and intensify rainfall resulting in the reduction of salt in a short time which affect
to brackish and coastal living creatures, especially Malocology (shell and oyster, etc) and
they die in series because they could not survive in an changing environment of salt
levels.
In terms of benefits in aqua-culture and fishery, climate change would cause impact as
below:
Rising of water level resulting in hydro physic, hydro chemistry and aquatic living
become worsen. All existing living mass organisms would change its structure and
composition and reduction of reserves.
Increase in the temperature would scatter aqua products. Subtropical fishes of high
economic values would be less than before or become extinct. Fishes in coral reef would
mostly be destroyed;
Over floating floral species – first link of food chain would be destroyed which would
also reduce the number of over floating floral, therefore reducing the major food source
of above and middle fauna
e) Impacts of climate change on energy
Rising of sea water level would be causing impacts as below:
Impact on activities of oil rig which were built on sea, system of gas conducting
and gas-run electricity factory to be built on the coast which would increase the costs for
maintenance, machinery operations, etc;
Ports including wharf, quay, storage areas (to be designed according to current
water level) would be renovated or removed to other locations. North-South Railway
route and other transportation routes adjacent to the sea and on sea would also be affected
Electricity distribution stations for coastal areas should be increased and more
energy to be consumed for water pumping in lower sections along coastal areas. On the
other hand, the flow direction of big rivers having hydroelectric projects would also be
affected considerably.
An increase in the temperature would also cause impact on energy:
A rise in costs incurred for ventilation, cooling for exploitation pits and mines, at
the same time, it would result in a reduction of productivity and yield
An considerable increase would also be seen in electricity consumption for daily
life and cooling off for industries, transportation and commerce;
An increase in the temperature in addition to evaporation and ad-hoc rainy system
would result in changes of water reserve and discharge of various hydroelectric lakes
Climate change in the tendency of an increase in rainfall and storm would also
affect, firstly to offshore drilling system, oil and gas conducting system onshore,
electricity grid network as well as distribution, etc.
The need for slowing down the speed of greenhouse gases emission also affects
energy
f) Impacts of climate change on transport
Climate change have several negative impacts on transportation, a sector consuming great
deal of energy with the increase in greenhouse gas emission to meet the requirements of
socio-economic development in industrialization and modernization. The management
and limitation of the speed of greenhouse gas emission requires sectors to renovate and
apply technologies of limited emission and clean technology, which leads to high cost.
In order to cope with climate change, sea-level rise and increasing natural disasters, the
transportation sector needs to plan and design the infrastructure system for mainland, sea
and coastal transportation, port, yards, fairway, inland water transportation, especially in
coastal and mountainous areas. There is a need to develop suitable technical standard and
criteria.
Increase in temperature causes energy consumption of engines and cooling and
ventilation of vehicles also contributes to increasing cost in transportation sector.
g) Impacts of climate change on industry and construction
Industrial zones are important economic bases of the nation which will be built
more in Delta areas. These zones would have to face more risks with floods and other
challenges in terms of water and sewerage system facing with floods from rivers and
rising of sea water level. This would require further evaluation and investment in the
construction of industrial zones, applying methods to limit risks especially from those
who produced waste and hazardous waste and those factories would be built on low land.
Climate change cause difficulties for water and material supply for industries such
as textile; manufacture, exploitation and processing of minerals and agriculture, forestry
and maritime products; industrial civil construction, nuclear technology, information and
communication, etc. Increasing extreme climate conditions and natural calamities reduces
the longevity of material, machines, equipment and works and costs more for the
rehabilitation.
Climate change also requires sectors to review their planning, technical and sectoral
standards to adapt to climate change.
h) Impacts of Climate Change on Healthcare
A rise in the temperature would have negative impact on human health which would
result in some risks for old age, heart or mental diseases. A warming climate would also
result in a change in the structure of seasons. In the North of Vietnam, winter would
become warmer resulting in changes or characteristics of biological rate in human being.
Climate change would increase the likely happening of some tropical diseases such as
malaria, dengue, widespread of growth and development of many viruses and insects,
diseases carriers, widespread number of bacterial infected people, etc.
The rise in natural calamities such as storm, flood, drought, heavy rain and
landslide, etc in terms of intensiveness and frequency would also result in more people
losing their life and indirectly affected through environmental pollution, malnutrition,
diseases, failure in family planning, socio-economic development plan and employment
opportunities and income. The most vulnerable people are poor farmers, ethnic minorities
in the mountainous areas, old people, children and women.
i) Impacts of climate change on culture, sports, tourism, commerce and service
Climate change has direct impacts on the activities of various aspects including culture,
sports, tourism, commerce and service and indirect impacts on transportation,
construction, agriculture and community healthcare.
The rise in sea level influences beaches because some of them may vanish and some are
moved to mainland. This also affects the exploitation and damages cultural and historical
heritages, preservation zones, ecological resorts, golf yards along the sea. Moreover,
some relevant infrastructural works can be flooded, moved and delayed and this require
more budget for rehabilitation, moving and maintenance
The rise in temperature and reduced of the winter duration badly affect the attraction of
famous resorts on the high mountains. However, the summer holiday can last longer
(table 2.2 and 2.3)
Table 2.1: Vulnerability due to Climate Change
Climate
Change
Impact
Increase in
temperature
Vulnerable
Areas
Vulnerable Sectors and Vulnerable Community
Fields
Mountainous
Area:
North
East, West East
and the North of
Central Area
Northern Delta
Agriculture
and
food
security
Natural ecology systems
and biodiversity
Energy (production and
consumption)
Community healthcare
Agriculture
and
food
security
Fishery
Sea and coastal ecological
systems
Water resources (surface
water and underground
water)
Energy
Tourism
Infrastructure, industrial
zones
Community healthcare
Place of Residence
Agriculture
and
food
security
Fishery
Transportation
Water resources
Infrastructure
Place of Residence
Healthcare and life
Commerce and Tourism
Rise in sea Coastal Areas,
level
especially most
affected areas
by storm, water
rise and flood (
Mekong Delta,
Red
River
Delta,
and
coastal area of
Central Area)
Island
Floods,
water
sewerage
and
landslide
Coastal Areas
(including delta
areas and wet
land: Northern
delta
and
coastal
areas,
Mekong Delta
and
Central
coastal area)
Mountainous
areas:
North
West,
North
East, The North
of Central Area
and Highland
Storm and Coastal Areas
tropical
(especially
low
Central
Area,
pressure
Red River Delta
and
Mekong
Agriculture
and
security
Fishery
Transportation
Energy
Poor farmers
Ethnic minorities,
people,
children
women
old
and
Coastal
habitants,
especially poor farmers
and fishermen
Poor people, women and
children
Coastal habitants
Mountainous
habitants
especially
ethnic
minorities
Old people, women and
children
food Coastal
habitants
especially fishermen
Old people, women and
children
Delta)
Island
Droughts
Other
extreme
climatic
phenomena
Central
Area
especially the
South of Central
Area
Northern Delta
and Midland
Mekong Delta
Highland
Offshore
and
coastal
activities
Infrastructure
Place of Residence
Health care and life
Commerce and Tourism
Agriculture
and
food
security
Energy (hydro power)
Sea transportation
Healthcare and life
Farmers especially ethnic
minority in the South of
Central Area and Highland
Old people, women and
children
Central coastal Agriculture
and
food Farmers especially those in
area
security
the Northern and Central
Northern
mountainous area
mountain and
Old people, women and
midland
children
Note: (*) other extreme weather including heat wave and its duration, cold spell and its
duration, excessively chilly, damaging cold, excessively heavy rain, whirlwind, etc
.
Table 2.2: Level of Sensitiveness and Adaptability
Level of sensitiveness
Adaptability
and vulnerability
Water resources
Very sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
price
Agriculture and food Very Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
security
price
Sea
and
coastal Very Sensitive
Not clear/ difficult to adapt
ecological system
Forestry
Sensitive
Not clear enough or difficult for
adaptability
Irrigation
(mainly Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
irrigation works)
price
Energy
Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
price
Industry
and Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
Construction
price
Culture,
Sports, Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
Tourism
and
price
Entertainment
Place of Residence
Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
price
Health care
Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
price
Migration
Sensitive
Likely for adaptability at a certain
price
Natural Landscape
Not clear
Category
Table 2.3: Potential impacts of climate change and sea-level rise
Sectors
fields
and Factors causing impacts
Rise
in Rise in Storm
temperature sea level and
tropical
low
pressure
and High
High
High
Agriculture
food security
Fishery
Energy
Industry
Transportation
Construction
Tourism
Healthcare
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Average
High
High
High
High
Average
High
Average
Average
High
High
High
Average
Flood
Drought
High
High
High
Average
Average
High
High
High
High
Average
High
Average
Average
Average
Average
High
Other
extreme
climate
phenomena
(*)
High
Average
Average
Average
Average
High
High
.
Ecological system High
and
biological
diversity
Water resources
High
Place of residence High
High
Average
Average
Average
Average
High
High
Average
High
High
High
High
Average
Average
Average
III.
3.1
TARGETS AND SCOPE OF THE PROGRAMME
Viewpoint
1. Responding to Climate Change must base on sustainable development,
interaction among sectors/inter-sectors, regions/inter-regions, gender equality and poverty
alleviation
2. Activities to cope with climate change should be taken in a focus points and emphasize
approach and taking into account both immediate impacts and potential impacts in the
long run; Investment in responding to climate change is economically effective because it
can help minimize long term damages.
3. Responding to climate change is a duty of the whole society, all authority levels,
sectors, various organisations, communities and of every single citizen. Responding to
climate change is of national, regional and global importance.
4. The tasks of responding to CC should be integrated into all strategies, plans,
development planning at all levels, sectors and branches and into the procedures of
strategic environment assessment and environmental impact assessment, and be shown in
legal documents as well as regulations and policies
5. Vietnam will schedule its implementation based on the view points defined in the
Convention stating “common and distinct responsibilities”. Accordingly, Vietnam will
implement effectively climate change mitigation program as it can rely on sufficient
capital and technology transfer from developed countries and from other international
funds
3.2. Programme Goals
3.2.1 General goals
Strategic goals of the National target program to cope with climate change is to
enhance the capacity to deal with climate change of Vietnam in each single period of
time to ensure sustainable socio-economic development, securing people’s life,
preventing and diminishing risks by climate change; participating with international
communities to mitigate climate change and protecting climate system.
3.2.2 Specific goals
1) To assess climate change level in Vietnam due to global climate change; To assess the
level of impact by climate change to various sectors, branches, areas and regions;
2) To foster science and technology activities to lay scientific and practical foundation for
the solutions to cope with climate change
3) To develop and implement action plans in different ministries/sectors and localities to
cope with climate change and run pilot projects
4) To integrate the Programme’s activities into strategies, plans and socio-economic
development and sector development planning
.
5) To reinforce and strengthen organisational and institutional capacity and policies
regarding climate change;
6) To raise awareness, responsibilities and participation of the local community; and
development of human resources.
7) To strengthen the international cooperation to make good use of international support
in responding to climate change and opportunities for development in the direction of low
carbon and together with international communities to protect effectively climate system
3.3.
Approach
1) To conduct community consultation approach, two way feedback with an emphasize
on the local communities, vulnerability and urgent needs of the localities in regard of
climate change;
2) To have a multi-sector/multi-field approach which includes the participation of social
organisations, especially the activeness of various sectors and local authorities;
3) To capitalise on national strategies and targets in terms of socio-economic
development and sectoral and local development strategies; to consolidate and bring into
full play knowledge, traditional and local experience in responding to natural disasters
and extreme weather.
4) To rely on national, regional and sectoral organizations/agencies and making good use
of domestic and international resources
5) To be flexible, simple and understandable
3.4. Scope of National Target Program
3.4.1 Time scope
First Stage (2008 - 2010): Inception
Second Stage (2011 - 2015): Implementation
Third Stage (after 2015): Development
3.4.2. Space
Nationwide
.
IV.
MAIN TASKS OF the NATIONAL TARGET PROGRAM
4.1. Assessing the level and impacts of climate change in Vietnam
Central tasks to be immediately implemented in the period from 2008 to 2010 are
evaluating the changes in climate, developing the scenario of climate change and
assessing the impacts of climate change on various fields, sectors and localities.
4.1.1. Targets of the implementation:
Objectives to the year of 2010:
To finalise the assessment on the level, features and tendency of changes in climate
factors and phenomena in Vietnam.
To finalise the development of climate change scenario and sea-level rise in Vietnam on
the scientific and practical basis.
To finalise the assessment on the impacts of the climate change and sea-level rise on
various fields, sectors and localities, especially those are sensitive and vulnerable to
climate change (water resources, irrigation, agriculture, health, livelihood, and plain and
coastal areas)
4.1.2. Main activities
a) Assessing the change and fluctuation of the climate in Vietnam
To develop methodology to assess the change and fluctuation of the climate;
To assess the level of fluctuation and the features of climatic factors and phenomena,
especially temperature, rainfall, natural calamities and extreme climatic phenomena
To assess the changing tendency of climatic factors including temperature, rainfall, sea
level and natural calamities (typhoon, flood and drought…)
b) Developing climate change scenarios for Vietnam
To develop scenarios of climate change and sea-level rise for various areas basing on the
regional and global scenario for greenhouse gases. .
c) Impact assessment of the climate change on fields, sectors and areas
On the basis of the monitored data in the last decades and the climate change scenarios
that have been developed and selected, the impacts of the climate change on fields,
sectors and areas, especially those are sensitive and vulnerable to the impact of the
climate change are assessed.
To assess the impact of climate change on natural conditions and resources (water, land
and biological resources, ecological system and biological diversity, etc.)
To assess the impacts of climate change on fields and sectors (Agriculture, Forestry,
Fishery, Energy, Construction, Industry, Traffic and transportation, Medicine and
Healthcare, Livelihood and Tourism, etc.
To assess the impact of climate change on the regions (Southern Delta, Northern Delta,
coastal ranges and islands, mountains and high land, cities and industrial zones)
To identify preferential fields and areas according to fixed criteria
To evaluate the opportunities of Vietnam in the adaptation and mitigation of the climate
change.
Climate change creates both negative impacts on the socio-economic development and
the opportunities to develop environment friendly technology. Responding to climate
change also opens business opportunities with new markets for energy technology, goods
and low-carbon consumption services supply. The changes in energy technology and
structure of the economies create favourable opportunities to oppose growth to emission.
.
For developing countries like Vietnam, it’s necessary to consider the opportunities to
utilize the multilateral climate change adaptation funds and adaptation funds from other
countries and the opportunity of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
4.2. Developing solutions to cope with climate change
Based on the impact assessment of climate change and the vulnerability of fields,
sectors and areas due to climate change, suitable solutions to cope with climate change
should be developed.
4.2.1. Targets of the implementation
1) Targets to 2010
To finalise development of solutions in response to climate change in various fields,
sectors and areas, which are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and sea-level rise
To run pilot projects in responding to climate change in fields, sectors and areas, which
are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and sea-level rise
2) Targets to 2015
To finalise development of solutions to responding to climate change in fields, sectors
and areas
To start the implementation of the solutions to responding to climate change, which are
selected for fields, sectors and areas according to the action plan
4.2.2. Key activities
To study and identify solutions to cope with climate change for fields, sectors and
localities
To assess socio-economic and environmental effects of the defined solutions
To select the preferential solutions for each field, sector and localities according to fixed
criteria
To plan and implement pilot projects to cope with climate change for fields, sectors and
localities which are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and sea-level rise
To implement the first stage of the solutions to cope with climate change for fields,
sectors and localities according to the action plans
Appendix I presents the main solutions to cope with climate change for fields, sectors and
regions
4.3. Developing a science and technology programme on climate change
Development and implementation of a national science and technology programme to
create scientific grounds to develop institution, policies and action plans to cope with
climate change; to proactively participate in international cooperation activities on
climate change; to conduct researches and implementation on the effective and
economical utilization of energy; to develop clean energy technology; to strengthen the
capacity of responding to climate change in ministries/sectors
4.3.1 Targets for implementation:
To the year of 2010:
The national science and technology program is developed and the technological tasks
are identified, the implementation of the programme is commenced
.
Identify local and international financial sources to meet the demand for capital of
science and technology activities.
To the year of 2015:
The national science and technology programme on climate change is implemented
effectively in ministries/sectors/localities;
The researches on the nature, movement/scenario and impacts of climate change on
fields, areas and the solutions to climate change are updated and effectively implemented
and contribute to enhancing the capacity to cope with climate change
The capacity of ministries/sectors and localities of responding to climate change are
improved and the scientific and technological activities are implemented effectively
The local and international financial sources needed for the scientific and technological
activities are reached
4.3.2. Key activities
1) To develop science and technology researches and projects for the national science
and technology programme.
To provide guidance on technological objectives, content and outputs for science and
technology researches and select the suitable researches
To delegate the content of researches on climate change to sectors and localities
2) To provide guidance on scientific and technical content to be prioritized
To edentify the phenomena, scientific nature and unknown knowledge of climate change
and the impacts of climate change on socio-economy; to analyze and evaluate socioeconomic and environmental effects of climate change adaptation activities
To identify technologies to cope with climate change
To study scientific and technical solutions to cope with climate change in vulnerable
areas
To encourage and support the innovation in scientific and technological activities to
facilitate the researches on climate change and responding to climate change
To implement international researches and projects on science and technology and
transfer climate friendly technology
3) To develop scientific and technological resources for climate change
To reinforce and improve scientific and technological organization in sectors and levels
in regard of climate change;
To train manpower and improve facilities to support for the scientific and technological
activities regarding climate change in various sectors and levels
4) To mobilize financial sources for the national scientific and technological programme
on climate change
To mobilize and make good use of funds for scientific and technological researches and
training of climate change
To develop stimulating policies and mechanism as well as awarding and penalty
regulations to apply for enterprises, organizations and individuals to strengthen the
investment in scientific researching on climate change in related areas
To use budget and technology transfer from bilateral and multilateral cooperation with
the Governments and international organizations effectively
4.4. Developing action plans in response to climate change
Basing on the assessments on climate change, the impacts and vulnerability caused by
climate change according to the agreed scenario of climate change, ministries/sectors and
.
localities are active in making action plans to cope with climate change (hereinafter
mentioned as action plans).
4.4.1. Targets of implementation
1) Target to 2010
The framework of documents and action plans to cope with climate change is basically
built up for ministries/sectors and localities, which are sensitive and vulnerable to climate
change
The action plans start to be implemented in the localities and ministries are supposed to
manage the sensitive and vulnerable sectors and fields due to climate change
2) Target to 2015
Action plans to adapt to climate change and mitigate climate change of ministries/sectors
and localities are implemented at the first stage.
4.4.2. Key activities
1) To work out the schedule for making action plans
a) To synthesize the researching results on climate change including greenhouse gases
inventory, to evaluate impacts and vulnerability resulted from climate change and the
progress of implementing five year socio-economic plan from 2006 to 2010 and
orientation of developing socio-economy from 2011 to 2015 of the state,
ministries/sectors and localities.
b)To identify the agencies and organizations of the Government, ministries and localities
as well as enterprises, non-Government and community organization have to participate
in making action plans to ensure the agreement and consistence of the action plans
c) To establish the steering committee for building up action plans for ministries/sectors
and localities
d) To establish the working group to make action plans for ministries/sectors and intersectors to ensure the leadership and close integration between the steering committee and
the working group throughout the process of making action plans
2) To identify general targets and specific targets of the action plans
The general targets and specific targets of the action plans are identified basing on the
specific situation and nature of the ministry/sector and locality as well as the features and
level for the impacts of climate change on each specific field and area. These targets are
supposed to meet the demand for ministry/sector and locality development and to be
suitable for the national development targets
General targets of the action plan includes
a) To ensure the integration of solutions to cope with climate change, which are selected
and identified in the action plan into development programmes, plans and projects
b) To create a high sense of agreement on the fundamental solutions to cope with climate
change which are identified, assessed and selected to contribute to sustainable
development
c) To develop strategies and plans to implement solutions to cope with climate change to
get the specific targets of the action plan
d) To contribute to implementing the national targets of adapting and mitigating climate
change and sustainable development
.
3)To develop overall working scheme for action plan formulation
Developing a master plan will help members of the working group have a thorough grasp
of general approach and main issues which need to be thoroughly understood as well as
the collaboration in making action plans
The general working plans need to be clearly identified
a) Roles and responsibilities of the agencies and organizations, especially Government
agencies; plans and finance in making action plans and integrating mechanism
b) Preferential issues of fields, sectors and inter-sectors and priorities in each field and
regulations and methods to synthesize the content of fields, sectors and inter-sectors
c) Methods to assess and implement the solutions to cope with climate change
d) Expected outputs of the action plan and requirements for the outputs
e) The sequence of making the action plan
f) Financial and human resources needed in making the action plan including technical
support (information, specialists, training, education and analysis and assessment tools,
etc.) and communication and relationship with the donors
g) The next activities after the action plan is approved by the authorized agency (plan
announcement, implementation, supplementation, adjustment, updating, effect
assessment and expansion, etc.)
h) Cost estimate for each task as well as the total cost for the action plan in which the
resources are separated including state, localities, international donors, international
organizations and individuals
i) Appendixes (if any)
4) To assess and implement the solutions for fields, sectors and inter-sectors
Leading agencies and organizations in each field, sector at central and local levels are
supposed to identify, assess and implement solutions to cope with climate change for the
correspondent fields and sectors. Inter-sector issues, for example education and training,
scientific researching, technology, organization, culture and information, etc.), need to be
assessed and implemented. The main content includes
a) To identify priorities to be assessed for each field, sector and system
b) To select and develop assessing methods
c) To carry out technical assessment
d) To assess socio-economic and environmental solutions at local and sectoral levels
e) To select solutions
f) To report the results of solutions assessment
5) To prepare strategies and plans for implementation of selected and identified
solutions
Main content include:
To identify agencies and organizations responsible for implementing solutions and the
roles and responsibilities of those agencies and organizations in implementing the action
plan
To divide the action plan into stages and identify the specific tasks for each stage
To identify financial and human resources for implementing the action plan and the
procedure to receive those resources
To conduct support activities to implement the action plan in order to ensure the
achievement of the expected results such as communication, training and education
.
6) To draft the action plan to cope with climate change
After the five above-mentioned tasks have been fulfilled, the action plan needs to be
drafted into an official document to get feedbacks and comments from the main relevant
agencies, organizations and specialists in order to make the final draft and submit to the
authorized level for approval
The main content of this task is as follow
a) To draft each component of the action plan for sectors, fields and localities
b) To consolidate and adjust the components of the action plan for fields, sectors and
inter-sectors
c) To draft the document of the action plan
d) To organize consultation workshop to get feedback, comments and contributions from
main relevant agencies, organizations and specialists as well as enterprises, nonGovernment organizations, community organizations and donors
e) To finalize the document of the action plan
f) To submit it to the authorized agency for approval
The main content of the action plan to cope with climate change of ministries/ sectors and
localities are presented in Annex II.
Criteria for prioritised project identification are shown in Annex III
4.5.
To strengthen the capacity in the organization, institution and policy on climate
change
To develop, supplement, finalize the system of legal documents, mechanism and
policies relating to climate change; to ensure legal basis to implement the activities, focus
on integrating climate change into strategies, plans and schemes of socio-economic
development as well as sector and locality development. To build up the incentives
mechanism for collaboration in implementing the programme on national, regional and
sectoral scale; to accomplish and improve operating effectiveness of the management and
organization system related to climate change from central to local level.
4.5.1. Implementation targets:
To the year of 2010:
The framework of legal documents, mechanism and policies is basically developed.
Mechanism to coordinate among ministries/sectors/localities and the management body
of the National Target Programme (implementers) is established and stipulated.
Basically, all the localities and management bodies of fields and sectors, which are
sensitive and vulnerable to the impacts of climate change participate in the
implementation of the mechanism;
To the year of 2015:
The framework of legal documents, mechanism and policies is basically stipulated and
updated;
The preferential mechanism and policies of responding to climate change are shown and
integrated into socio-economic development strategies and policies as well as the national
management of natural resources and environment
The mechanism to coordinate ministry/sector/locality and the management body of
National target program is implemented and fully updated. Basically, all
ministries/sectors at central and provincial level implement this mechanism;
.
Several sectors and components are motivated to participate in the implementation of the
National Target Programme
4.5.2. Key activities
a) To build up and develop socio-economic policies including poverty alleviation, gender
equality and ethnic policies; Review current policies as well as supplement and update
new policies to meet the needs and priorities for sustainable development
b) To develop and complete system of policies and legal documents on climate change at
all levels and in all sectors; Concentrate on institution that seeks the integration of climate
change into socio-economic development and sectoral development strategies, schemes
and planning
c) To develop the legal framework and management mechanism to create a favorable
environment and motivate the roles and responsibilities of authority levels as well as
private sectors in adapting and mitigating climate change
d) To develop the mechanism to coordinate the implementation of the National Target
Programme to cope with the climate change throughout the country, territories, localities
and sectors; The coordinating mechanism is based on the following principles:
There must be clear and transparent of terms of reference among ministries, sectors and
levels;
Participation of enterprises, communities is maximised;
There must be effective integration of the National Target Programme into socioeconomic development plans and strategies, sectoral and local development plans and
strategies, in legal regulations, policies and mechanism, organization and
implementation;
Climate change factors are integrated into the process of strategic environment
assessment, environment impact assessment to forecast the environmental changes of the
plans and development projects, etc. Pro-actively find effective solutions to cope with
climate change.
4.6. Raising awareness and building capacity
To strengthen communication, education to raise awareness and responsibility for climate
change for the whole society; to reinforce coordination among ministries, sectors in
policy making and coordination mechanism and the participation of the community,
enterprises in the implementation of the activities to cope with climate change. To
strengthen manpower training, especially qualified manpower to meet the requirements of
the National Target Programme in each stage.
4.6.1. Targets of implementation
1) Targets to 2010
To the year of 2010:
Awareness raising plan and strategy are basically developed and implemented in the
localities and ministries of sensitive and vulnerable fields and sectors due to climate
change
Start the implementation of awareness raising in education and training system; reading
materials and tools to raise the awareness are developed and popularized;
The plan for developing science and technology resources is made and implemented in
the localities and ministries of sensitive and vulnerable sectors and fields due to climate
change
.
Over 10% of residential community, over 65% Government officials have basic
knowledge of climate change and its impact.
To the year of 2020:
Awareness raising plan and strategy on the climate change gradually implement
effectively at central and local level;
Reading materials and tools to raise the awareness are fully worked out, updated and
widely popularized.
Awareness raising plan implemented in training and education system at all levels;
Over 80% community residents, 100% Government officials /staff obtained basic
knowledge on the climate change and its impact.
4.6.2. Key Activities
Awareness raising
To speed up the communication, advocacy and raising awareness for all levels,
organizations, sectors and individuals. The activities will be done in two ways: (i)
Popularize common knowledge of climate change to the community (ii) Provide in-depth
information to a group of screened and selected people.
Specific activities:
To develop the strategy and education plan to raise the awareness and communication
about climate change;
To develop master plan to raise awareness on climate change to screen and selected target
groups (including management officials at all levels);
To develop the proposal to establish a network of communicator and complete the
mechanism to maintain regular activities of this network to commune level;
To develop master plan to integrate the contents of climate change in educational
curriculum of popular school and university level;
To develop programs for training courses to specific target people, training and
technology transfer: compose communication, education and training documents and
materials; use communication tools: books, Newspaper, gazette, radio, movies to
disseminate the activities within the climate change context;
To build behaviour/habit in sustainable development for the community (save electric,
water; classify and recycle waste, etc).
To encourage the participation of the enterprises and community in the activities within
the context of climate change
Fostering human resources
The activities to foster human resources should be done in all levels, sectors and
staff related (managers, planner, program officer, project staff and experts, etc). The
contents of human resources development are as follow
To conduct training need assessment for each period, each sector, each level;
To assess the capacity of current training centres in the country;
To identify the professional areas that needs training related to climate change: the areas
of basic study; analyse the policy on climate change adaptation and mitigation,
information system and project management;
To develop strategy and plan to train human resources domestically and internationally;
emphasize in-depth training for human resources in science and technology on climate
change;
.
To develop program, curriculum, training procedures for the professional training courses
organized by the program;
To develop the mechanism to attract talented persons and provide favourable condition
for young scientists developing their expertise;
To encourage local scientists to participate in international scientific and technical
researches in the field of global climate change and hold positions in international
institutes of scientific and technical research organizations
4.7. Integrating the National Target Programme into socio-economic, sectoral and local
development strategies and plans
The integration of the content of the National Target Programme is to raise awareness of
climate change and the capacity of responding to the impacts of climate change, maintain
the stability and effectiveness of the current socio-economic, sectoral and local
development strategies, schemes and planning and to contribute to meeting the national
socio-economic development requirements. This process can be conducted according to
the procedures as follow
4.7.1. Targets of implementation
1) To the year of 2010:
To develop and stipulate outlines of the documents, synchronous guidelines, integrating
the contents of National target program into the strategies, plans and overall plan in the
field of institution-policy, implementation and execution;
The integration of national target program into the strategies, plans and overall plan is
carried out.
The development of the mechanism to integrate the climate change factors into the
strategic environment assessment/ environment impact assessment and the guidelines of
implementation is done
To the year of 2020:
The integration of National target program into the strategies, plans and overall plan is
basically completed in all sectors, levels
The integrating mechanism the climate change factors into the process of strategic
environment assessment/ environment impact assessment is widely and effectively
implemented
Step 1: To identify the targets of the integration of the content of the programme into the
strategies, schemes and planning for socio-economic development, sectoral and local
development
Step 2: To assess the impacts on strategies, schemes and planning for socio-economic
development and sectoral and local development
The integration should provide evidence of the impacts of climate change on the
strategies, schemes and planning for socio-economic development and sectoral and local
development. The impacts on the strategies, schemes and planning must be scientific,
highly convincing and reveal the need for integrating the content of the programme and
climatic factors into strategies, schemes and development planning. Therefore, the
impacts of climate change are long term and regularly changeable. The assessment on the
impacts of climate change on the strategies, schemes and development planning should
clarify the possible vulnerability at present and in the future if the integration is not
implemented.
.
The impact assessment on the strategies, schemes and development planning is one of the
main items of the programme. (part 4.1)
Step 3: To assess the implementation of local and sectoral strategies, schemes and
development planning
In order to integrate the content of the programme into development strategies, schemes
and planning, the implementation of identified strategies, schemes and planning needs to
be assessed. This assessment is to identify scope and content of the integration that
should be prioritized and to ensure the effectiveness of the integrating mechanism,
policies and strategies in general. In this assessment the content of development
strategies, schemes and planning that has been implementing are focused. Some regions
and sectors, which are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change, are paid special
attention.
This assessment needs to be done with the cooperation from ministries, sectors, agencies,
organizations and regions that have been implementing the sectoral and local
development strategies, schemes and planning.
Step 4: To assess the awareness and capacity of climate change of the manpower in the
sectoral development strategies, schemes and planning to implement the integration
The integration will implement under the guidance of the programme steering committee
and the programme leading board with the cooperation of the management units of the
development strategies, schemes and planning. However, the specific task of the
integration will be mainly carried out by the manpower of the development strategies,
scheme and planning. Accordingly, assessing the awareness and capacity of the staff who
have been implementing the development strategies, schemes and planning is essential.
This assessment will support for the development of the policy mechanism and strategies
of the integration to ensure the effectiveness of the integration process in particular and
the whole programme in general. It can also identify priority areas and sectors in
responding to climate change.
Step 5: To assess the effects of the integration (positive and negative)
The assessment includes the implementation, development strategies, schemes and
planning; positive and negative impacts of the integration on the priority areas and sectors
and on the future implementation of the development strategies, schemes and planning
and the contribution of these development strategies, schemes and planning to the socioeconomic development for the country under the circumstance that the impacts of climate
change is increasing.
This impact assessment provides initial information for the development of policy
mechanism, strategies and specific actions of the development strategies, schemes and
planning in the integration.
Step 6: To develop policy mechanism and integrating strategy including financial,
economic and policy matters
The development of policy mechanism and integrating strategy is under the guidance of
the program steering committee and the programme leading board. The policy
mechanism and integrating strategy should be based on the assessment results of the
capacity building and awareness raising regarding climate change for the manpower of
the development strategies, schemes and planning as well as the assessment on the initial
impacts of the integration.
.
The development of the policy mechanism and strategy need identify priority areas and
sectors and propose specific steps and regular assessment and monitoring guideline under
the supervision of the programme steering committee and the programme leading board
with the support form management boards.
Step 7: To proceed to integration in each development strategy, scheme and planning
The integration is conducted under the guidance of the programme steering committee
and the programme leading board and with the support from the management boards of
the sectoral and local development strategies, schemes and planning
4.7.2. Key activities
1) To integrate climate change into strategies and national plans for socio-economic
development
This is an important and decisive strategy of the Vietnamese Government to
orient the development for all sectors and localities all over the country in the period from
5 to 10 years and in the vision of 20 years. To ensure the consistency among the
components, activities of the National Target Programme in response to climate change
and the national plan and strategy on socio-economic development the following tasks
should be fulfilled:
To assess the risks, challenge and opportunity generated by the climate change during the
drafting of development plan and criteria for sectors and localities;
The solution, activities of National target program in response to climate change should
be considered as components of National strategy on socio-economic development and
inserted in the priority plans of National strategy on socio-economic development
2) To integrate climate change into strategies, schemes and planning for sectoral and
local development
Integrating the National target program in response to the climate change into the
strategies, sectoral and local development plans, such as: National strategy on hunger
eradication and poverty reduction, national strategy on the protection of community
health, National strategy on Gender equity, National strategy on environment protection,
National strategy on the protection of water resources, National strategy on the
management and summarization, National strategy on agriculture development, National
strategy on forestry development, National strategy on fishery development, National
strategy on the development of traffic and transportation, National strategy on energy
development, National strategy on infrastructure development, National strategy on the
prevention and resistance against natural disasters and other general plan and plans of the
sectors and localities.
To integrate the National target program in response to the climate change into the
strategies, sectoral and local development plans, the following solution should be taken:
Carry out in-depth studies to assess the threats, impact levels of the climate change to
sectors and regions. On the basis of these studies, it is possible to evaluate the influence
of the implementation of strategic development plan related to the climate change, as well
as the risks generated by the climate change and affected to the accomplishment of the
objectives set in the strategies and plans; Regulations and guidelines of integrating the
climate change factors in particular, environmental elements in general into the plans of
socio-economic development, land use and sectoral development and into environmental
warning tools of these plans (strategic environment assessment)
.
Develop the mechanism and legal documents in order to move forwards to make the
impact assessment of the climate change become one of compulsive requirements of the
programs, plans and development projects;
To integrate climate change into other local and national plans
Strategies and plans to implement international commitments (Agenda 21, Bio-diversity
convention, Outline convention of UN on the climate change, Declaration of forest
principles, Kyoto Protocol, Convention on international wet land, Convention on land
degradation and deserted, etc.)
Of the above-mentioned strategies and plans, Agenda 21 is a comprehensive
program covering almost all of the sectors, localities, however, the climate change is a
risk that should be considered during the development, completing and implementing the
plans and tasks under the Programme of the agenda in ministries, sectors and localities.
The below table shows the potential impacts of climate change and sea-level rise on the
implementation of millennium goals
.
Table 4.1: Potential impacts of climate change and sea-level rise on the millennium goals
Millennium Goals
Potential impacts of climate change and sea-level rise
Impact on asset and livelihood including housing, water resource,
Goal 1:
To alleviate extreme health and technical infrastructure. These impacts reduce human
poverty
and ability in life insurance and poverty alleviation
eradicate hunger
Agricultural output likely to drop, threatening food security
Changes in ecological system and natural resources, technical
infrastructure and working productivity can limit the income
opportunities and affect the economic development
Social pressures resulted from using natural resources can lead to
conflicts and instability in life and livelihood causing
communities to migrate
Loss of assets and livelihood and natural calamities reduce the
Goal 2:
To
universalise opportunities for formal education and training. A great number
primary education
of children (especially girls) are forced to leave school to help
their families earn money or look after ill family members
Malnutrition and diseases also reduce the ratio of children going
to school and their study ability.
Moving and migration can reduce educational opportunities.
Gender inequality exacerbates because women’s livelihood is
Goal 3:
To strengthen gender increasingly dependent on environment and climatic conditions
equality and improve and weather. This can lead to health degradation and reduce their
women’s position
time of participating in decision making and income generation
Women and girl are usually in charge of housework, taking care
of the children and food for the family. When the impacts of
climate change are getting more serious, they have to face more
difficulties; more housework and less opportunities of freedom
and equality
In poor families, women usually manage assets but these assets
are strongly impacted by climatic disasters
Mortality rate and diseases are likely to increase due to natural
Goal 4:
To reduce child disasters such as storm, flood, drought and long extreme hot and
mortality rate
cold weather
Children and pregnant women have weaker immune system,
therefore, they are more likely to contract infectious diseases like
malaria, dengue, encephalitis and other infectious diseases via
water and poor hygiene. These diseases may increase due to
climate change and can increase children’s death rate
Degradation in water quality and clean water supply, and the risk
Goal 5:
To improve maternal of increasing infectious diseases due to climate change threaten
health/reproductive
reproductive health and conditions for mother and child health.
health
Poor crops, poverty and starvation caused by natural disasters and
migration due to climate change can badly impact the food
security and nutrition for mother and child
Water resource pressure and warming up weather will increase
Goal 6:
To fight HIV/AIDS, diseases including HIV/AIDS; Climate change can increase
.
malaria and
diseases
other infection and burst of some infectious diseases via insects and
food/water. Some new diseases, which have never existed in
Vietnam may appear and the under-control diseases are likely to
appear again, expand to new areas due to climate change
Increasing migration and high population density due to climate
change, sea-level rise and natural disasters may increase
infectious diseases and social diseases including HIV/AIDS and
malaria. Individuals and families living with or affected by
HIV/AIDS, having low rate of livelihood asset, weak immune
system and serious malnutrition will more impacted by climate
change and natural disasters. This leads to high risk of infection
and reduces or destroy the effectiveness of protection activities
Direct or indirect impacts of climate change can change and
Goal 7:
To
ensure degrade natural resources and ecological system, reduce
environmental
biological diversity, increase environmental pollution and present
sustainability
as a great challenge for sustainable development
Climate change can change the interaction between ecological
system and human and lead to the loss of biological diversity and
basic supplementary sources for human livelihood from natural
resources for communities
Climate change is a global challenge. Climate change adaptation
Goal 8:
To
establish requires global cooperation, especially developing countries to
international
cope with and adjust to negative impacts of climate change.
cooperation
for International relationship and geopolitical integration can be
development
influenced due to impacts of climate change and conflicts related
to resources, territory and environment
To integrate the National Target Programme in response to climate change into
the Agenda 21 in Vietnam, the following solutions should be taken:
To develop collaborating mechanism between the co-ordination system of the Agenda 21
and National target program in response to climate change with a view to merge these
two programs, since in nature, responding to the climate change is also central to ensure
sustainable development;
To review, check and complete legal documents, ensuring they are coherent and
consistent with objectives, orientation on sustainable development and on response to
climate change;
To closely collaborate in the implementation of the problem solving solutions in order to
achieve the objectives of National target program in response to climate change and the
Agenda 21 in Vietnam, specifically the group of solutions on: guidelines, policy,
mechanism, the structure of management, execution, science and technology,
international relation, etc. The criteria of this collaboration are to take full advantage of
the investment sources, decrease overlapping the implementation of tasks.
4.8. International Cooperation
Strengthen international cooperation to meet the two main requirements including (1)
Attracting, receiving and using effectively international aids including financial support
.
and new technology transfer via bilateral, multilateral and regional cooperation channels;
and (2) Participating in regional and international activities of climate change
4.8.1. Targets of implementation
1) Targets to 2010
Cooperation mechanism between Vietnam and international donors to implement the
National Target Programme of response to climate change is developed
Bilateral and multilateral cooperation in responding to climate change between Vietnam
and some countries and international organizations is established
Initial aid (financial support, technology and experience transfer) from international
organizations to Vietnam to implement the National Target Programme to cope with
climate change is basically identified
Contribute to developing international agreements and documents of climate change after
2012
The framework of legal documents of mechanism and policies to stimulate investment in
the projects of clean development mechanism and the projects to cope with climate
change and environment friendly technology transfer, is supplemented and completed to
create favorable conditions for international partners in investing in Vietnam
2) Targets to 2015
The mechanism of cooperation between Vietnam and international donors to implement
the National Target Programme to cope with climate change is completed and fully
applied on a full scale
Multilateral and bilateral cooperation in responding to climate change between Vietnam
and other countries and international organizations continues to expand.
Attract and encourage a great number of countries and international organizations to
support Vietnam in implementing the National Target Programme to cope with climate
change. International aids for Vietnam to implement the programme items account for
50% of the total budget of the programme. It is an important ground to balance and
mobilize the resources for the implementation of the programme
Use effectively and rightly the aids from international donors to implement the targets
and items of the programme
The professional qualification and capacity in international negotiation of climate change
of the Government officials can meet the requirements,
The development and implementation of CDM projects in Vietnam are broadly done in
the potential fields and sectors.
4.8.2. Key activities
a) To establish a professional team of international donors to support Vietnam in
responding to climate change at national, sectoral and local levels
b) To establish a tight, clear, transparent and active cooperating mechanism between
ministries, sectors, organizations and localities of Vietnam and international donors to
create favorable conditions for to implement effectively the National Target Programme
to cope with climate change;
c) To negotiate and sign documents of multilateral and bilateral cooperation in
responding to climate change between Vietnam ministries, sectors and localities and
international donors, especially in APEC, ASEAN, Mekong expanded sub region and
.
Mekong committee, to stimulate international investment in projects of responding to
climate change and transferring environment-friendly technology including the project
named Clean Development Mechanism in Vietnam
d) To develop and complete the mechanism and policies to use effectively the
international aids in implementing the National Target Programme
e) To plan for exploiting and using the international aids from multilateral funds, the
funds for climate change adaptation of international organization and bilateral funds of
developed countries
f) To participate in international conferences, workshops, meetings and negotiations to
discuss and contribute to developing international agreements and documents related to
climate change after 2012 according to Bali schedule
g) To participate in international scientific and technological studies on climate change
and exchange information and experience related to climate change with other countries
and international organizations
h) To develop the manpower and improve the professional qualification and international
negotiation skill for the staff of ministries, sectors and localities working on climate
change by national and international trainings.
In order to implement the above-mentioned main tasks of the National Target Programme
too cope with climate change relevant projects have been proposed (see annex IV)
V.
EFFECTS OF NATIONAL TARGET PROGRAM
5.1
Effects on economy, society and environment
5.1.1 Economic effects
The capacity for sectors, localities, communities to proactively adapt with the climate
change and prevent, avoid economic damages caused by the climate change will be
strengthened;
Implementing National target program will help sectors, localities obtain opportunity to
enhance the level of technology, economic effects for sectoral and local activities and for
each resident;
Negative impact to health, disease spreading is minimised, helping reduce the cost of the
prevention and treatment;
Cost is considerably saved to overcome the consequences of the impact of the climate
change to architectural and cultural items, life of the inhabitants and other values of the
country.
5.1.2 Social effects
Implementing programme contributes to improving the living standard, security and
safety for the inhabitants
Social fairness is improved thanks to the preferential investment policies for poor and
vulnerable areas such as mountainous, rural and ethnic areas in Mekong Delta, etc. and
the programmes for the preferential targeted groups including the poor, ethnic minority
people, women and children.
Social security for communities is ensured, especially in areas where migration takes
place. Create a suitable and safe life in all areas and locations for the inhabitants and
contribute to reducing the unplanned migration
.
Civilized lifestyle, beware and ready to respond, support each other is developed wit a
view to collaborate in preventing and overcoming difficulties and consequences of the
climate change.
5.1.3. Environmental effects
1) The adequately implemented National target program together with international
community’s efforts contributes to protect the climate system of the earth, mitigate the
climate change and its negative impact
2) It helps control the speed of greenhouse gases and mitigate impacts of climate change
on human habitat such as diminishing air pollution and surface water and underground
water pollution, safe agriculture and cleaner industry and reduce the disease infection and
environment pollution after natural calamities
3)It helps reduce CC effects on ecosystems, maintain and conserve ecosystem products
and environmental service, especially watershed and protection forest, wetland
mangrove, reduce environmental disaster after natural calamities
5.2
Effect of the integration with other programs
Ensuring the implementation of the National target program to cope with the climate
change will create favourable condition and opportunity for the programs of agriculture
sector, irrigation, fishery, industry, energy, traffic and transportation, construction,
science and technology, enhancement of the technical knowledge and economic effects.
Sectors, the programs of health, education – training, etc. well implementing planned
objectives and tasks;
Socio-economic programs and plans are more stable and sustainable, the risks caused by
the climate change decreased.
.
VI.
ENFORCEMENT
6.1. Improving management and organisation system
To develop and consolidate the management and organization system of National target
program from Central to local level; the regulations on the functions and tasks,
decentralization of the management, co-ordinating, monitoring and evaluation
mechanism of the program implementation
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
GOVERNMENT
National steering committee of National target program
on climate change
Ministry of Planning &
Investment
Ministry of Industry & Commerce
Donors
and
source of
fund
Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment
Steering committee office
Secretariat
Provincial PC
Ministries, sectors
DoNRE
Related department
District PC
Assigned
bureau
Figure 6.1: Organization chart of National target program to cope with the climate
change
The chart in figure 6.1 illustrates the simple structure of the management framework of
the programme. The detailed management and coordination in ministries, sectors and
provinces is not shown in this chart but clearly stated in instruction document for
management and implementation of the programme. The detailed operating mechanism is
stated in the programme implementation and management manual (PIMM), which
comprises systems of management tools to ensure systematic and tight programme
management. These systems include planning and reporting system, quality assurance
system (QA) and financial management system, etc
6.1.1 To establish a National steering committee and the managing board of the
programme
.
a) To propose to the Government to establish the national steering committee on the
National Target Programme to cope with Climate Change ( hereinafter mentioned as
steering committee) consisting of: Prime Minister – Chief of the committee; Minister of
Ministry of Natural resources and Environment – Standing deputy chief of the committee,
Minister of Ministry of Planning and Investment – Deputy chief; Minister of Ministry of
Finance – Deputy chief and the ministers of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development and Ministry of Foreign Affairs are members.
The national steering committee has the following main functions and tasks:
To identify strategies, orientation and solutions to cope with climate change; propose to
the Government the changes in policy and legal aspects related to climate change; instruct
and direct the programme implementation consistently nationwide.
To Organize and direct researching and proposing initiatives to the Government
considerable policies, guideline and scheme and important matters touching climate
change coping.
Direct the consolidation, analysis and assessment of progress of target achievement of the
programme in yearly plans and five year plans.
b) The Minister of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment proposed to the
Prime Minister the members of Leading Board and the Regulations of the programme
Leading Board
Members of the Managing Board include the Minister of Natural Resources and
Environment as the Board head, Deputy Minister of Ministry of Planning and Investment
as the Deputy Chief, Deputy Minister of Ministry of Finance as the Deputy Chief and
other members are the leaders of ministries and sectors including Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development, Diplomatic, Judiciary, Industry and commerce, Labour, Social
Invalid; Traffic and transportation; Construction; Information and Communication,
Education and Training; Interior; Health; Science and Technology; Culture, Sport and
Tourism; National Defence; Police; Government office; Committee of Ethnicity;
Representatives from mass organization: Vietnam Farmer Union, HCM Young
Communist Party, Vietnam Women Union, other Unions, etc.
The managing board is the programme standing office, which has the following
functions and duties
To organize, instruct and direct the implementation of National target program; direct the
establishment and coordinate the operation of Steering committees at Ministry/sector and
local level;
To manage, propose budget allocation of National target program;
To organize and collaborate inter-sector/ inter-area activities to develop projects,
integrate the plan to cope with the climate change into socio-economic development plan;
direct the implementation of big inter-sector and inter-ministry projects; support
ministries, sectors and regions in developing action plan of each ministry, sector and
region to cope with climate change;
To direct supervising, monitoring and evaluating the results of the implementation of
National Target Programme;
To direct the information dissemination, education, raising awareness of all levels,
sectors and the community of the climate change; develop and operate the mechanism of
the communication and advocacy on climate change;
.
To consolidate periodical reports (quarterly, annual) on the implementation of National
Target Programme to related agencies.
Secretariat of the Programme
The Programme standing committee is the supporting agency for the Leading Board of
the Programme located in Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Functions, duties, rights and organization structure of the National Target
Programme standing office are decided by the Minister of Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment.
Personnel of the standing office comprises specialized and responsible staff
officially employed by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, concurrent staff
upon agreement, employment contracts recruited for the projects as required
6.1.2 Responsibilities of authority at various levels
Climate change affects the whole society; therefore, the implementation of the
National Target Programme, especially adaptation activities to climate change is
responsible by various authority levels ranging from central to local ones.
1. Central Government
The Government directs all the related activities including
a) Consolidate and integrate climate change response issues into policies, arrangement
and plans; integrate climate information into the national budget development
b) Reinforce current road system and develop new road system, which can stand flooding
c) Repair and upgrade dike and dam systems to avoid the risks of dike and dam rupture
d) Electrify rural areas and improve the information and communication system
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment:
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment as a state management was
assigned to support the National Target Programme’s steering committee in coordinating
with ministries, sectors and regions to manage and implement the programme
a) Chair and co-ordinate with sectors and authority levels to propose and develop the
mechanism and policies of the management and implementation of the programme to
submit to the Government to issue or to issue within the regulated functions and
responsibilities
b) Identify targets, prepare the tasks, calculate the necessary budget, propose the solutions
to be implemented and submit to the programme’s steering committee to consolidate into
five year and annual plans to submit to the Government. Basing on the tasks and the total
approved budget for the National Target Programme, collaborate with Ministry of
Planning and Investment and Ministry of Finance to prepare detailed budget and propose
fund allocation balance to ministries, sectors and provinces to submit to the Prime
Minister for approval;
c) Instruct and assist ministries, sectors and provinces in developing and implementing
their plan to cope with the climate change;
d) Chair, co-ordinate with Ministry of Planning and Investment to develop the
regulations, policy to monitor and evaluate the implementation of National target
program and submit to the Prime Minister for approval;
e) Generally co-ordinate the activities of the information, education, communication
related to the climate change;
f) Instruct, monitor and evaluate the implementation of National target program.
.
Ministry of Planning and Investment:
Ministry of Planning and Investment carry out the tasks of state management,
responsibilities:
Chair and co-ordinate with ministries, sectoral and localities to review and revise the
national strategies and socio-economic development plan reflecting the climate change;
Direct and guide ministries, sectors and localities to integrate National target program to
cope with the climate change into the strategies and socio-economic development plan of
the country, ministries, sectors and locality;
With Ministry of Finance of the responsibilities to allocate the resources, coordinate the
budget and fund, including the allocation of annual national budget for the programs and
projects related to the climate change;
Be responsible to develop and implement the action plan of the ministry.
Ministry of Finance:
With Ministry of Planning and Investment to allocate the resources, coordinate the budget
and fund, including the allocation of annual national budget for the programs and projects
related to the climate change;
Be responsible to develop and implement the action plan of the ministry
Ministries, ministerial agencies and other Government offices:
Be responsible to develop and implement the action plan to cope with the climate change
of their ministries, sectors;
Carry out the tasks assigned in National target program;
Proactively participate in general activities directed by National steering committee.
2. Province and City Government
Chairperson of Provincial People’s Committee is responsible for:
Developing and implementing action plans to cope with climate change for provinces and
cities;
Organizing the implementation of the related activities approved in the National Target
Programme;
c) Ensuring the right and effective use of the fund of the National Target Programme and
prevent corruption and budget deficit.
d) Proactively mobilizing the resources and combining all related activities of other
programmes within provinces/cities to achieve the objectives of the National Target
Programme;
e) Ensuring and complying with monitoring and assessment principles required in the
National Target Programme;
f) Preparing periodical reports on the implementing progress of the National Target
Program in the provinces/ cities according to current regulations.
3. District Government
Chairperson of District People’s committees is responsible for:
Organizing the implementation of the targets, duties and related activities of the National
Target Programme and action plans according to the planning targets assigned by the
Provincial/City People’s Committees
Mobilizing and effectively utilizing local resources to implement the National Target
Programme and action Plans;
6.2. Participation of social organisations, private sectors and the whole population
.
6.2.1 General orientation
Responding to climate change is the responsibility of the whole population. The policy
planning, organization and implementation of the activities of the National Target
Programme should mobilize private sector, non-Government organizations and the whole
population to participate apart from the responsibility held by the authority.
Socio-political organizations, social-career organizations and mass organizations in
Vietnam are widely developed, well-organized and experienced. They operate with the
aim of obtaining solidity and mobilizing the participation of the whole population. Each
social group has its own organization, via that members’ individual activities are
combined and become wide-spread campaigns.
Climate change is an environmental issue as well as a matter of global sustainable
development. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate these things into the solution of
mobilizing the participation of the people in the programme implementation
6.2.2. Social Organisations, community and households
Responding to climate change is responsible by the whole society. Social organizations
are supposed to proactively participate in activities of responding to climate change,
especially in sectors of information, education, and communication. It is necessary to
support and mobilize communities and households to take part in building, operating and
managing works to cope with climate change and to expand and popularize experience
and models of Responding to climate change.
The broad participation of the whole population in the implementation of the National
Target Programme is clarified as follow
In drafting legal regulations, it is necessary to uphold the initiatives and independence of
the people in society and community management. The participation of the community in
considering and evaluating the environmental impacts can be enhanced by
institutionalizing participatory roles of the people and applying compulsory for
implementation, firstly with big projects of large impact on the residents. Socio-political
organizations, social – career organizations and mass organizations play an important role
in guaranteeing the sustainability of the socio-economic development and environment
protection in local areas. It is necessary to enhance the responsibility and capacity for the
above organizations and agencies to effectively uphold this role.
Through mass organizations and community-based activities, various activities such as
information dissemination, raising awareness and community education on climate
change, protection of natural resources and environment, sustainable development can be
organized and upheld by using mass media and community activities such as organizing
information finding contest and prevailing common activities.
Mobilize mass movements in each social group, in each local area and on national scale
with the above contents. Keep developing the movements of the masses and community
activities to create more jobs, supporting each other in terms of working experience and
poverty alleviation, keeping the environment clean and hygienic, protecting natural
resources and environment in the local areas and raise people’s awareness of climate
change, environment protection and sustainable development.
In each community, set up self-monitoring group to supervise and initially cope with
negative impacts of climate change, especially unusual natural calamities
.
Each household, apart from participating in common activities of the community and
society, should store food, clean water and medicine in case of natural calamities and the
house floor needs to be raised to avoid flooding.
Authorities at all levels are supposed to coordinate, support and facilitate in all aspects so
that socio-political, social – career and mass organizations and the community can
participate in implementing the objectives of the above-mentioned movements
g) Build up and expand the models
6.2.3. Non-Governmental organizations
Participate in policy planning, programmes and plans to cope with climate
change in the role of opposition
Support the community in communication, raising awareness and implementing solutions
to cope with natural calamities
Assist people to apply cultivation and husbandry methods with limited gas
emission; enhance using biological fuel and limit using coal
6.2.4. Private sector
Participate in evaluating vulnerability due to the current climate change and extreme
climate phenomena; and locations with the high risk of suffering from climate change
impacts
Participate in making community-based plans in order to identify main adjusting
solutions basing on the local facts and criteria to select priority activities
Select priority adjusting activities to propose to put in the action plan for Responding to
climate change made by ministries/sectors and local areas
Plan and implement pilot community-based projects to meet the urgent and timely
adjusting needs in local areas; implement or participate in schemes and projects in the
National Target Programme and action plans of ministries, sectors and local areas;
receive and apply transferred environment friendly technologies.
Participate in financial insurance markets related to climate change according to state
regulations
6.3. Implementation schedule
The programme is divided into periods as follow
6.3.1. Phase I (2008-2010): Inception phase
In this phase, institution, organization, assessment, planning, management mechanism
and regulations, needed resources and pilot models for the implementation need to be
prepared. The outputs of the inception phase include
+ Legal documents and basic relevant regulations at all levels including ministries,
sectors are drafted and issued
+ The directing and managing unit and the programme with assigned functions and duties
are established and run.
+ The climate change scenarios are made
+ The impacts of scenarios on fields and local areas are assessed
+ Action plans of ministries, sectors and local areas are made and implemented on the
pilot scale
.
+ The information management, monitoring - evaluation systems are built up and
instructed to implement
+ Strategies and plans for raising community awareness and manpower training are built
up and implemented
+ Coastal provinces and cities make detailed action plans to cope with climate change.
6.3.2. Phase II (2011-2015): Implementation phase
+ Develop in all aspects the contents of the programme to obtain targets of the
programme step by step; all provinces and cities have detailed action plans and
implement specifically in the local area.
+ Evaluate the results of the implementation annually and draw out experience to
strengthen the next plans
+ Consolidate and make plan for the development phase
6.3.3. Phase III (after 2015): Development phase
Expand and develop activities to cope with climate basing on results and experience got
from the inception phase
6.4. Financial mechanism
Over the past years, budget for climate change activities has mainly been taken from the
fund of international relation, technical assistance of the financial mechanism from
Convention and bilateral cooperation fund of the countries. The investment of the
Government has been only to maintain the operation of the Climate change Convention
office of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment – the focal organization
regarding climate change. Decision No. 130/2007/QĐ-TTg dated August 2nd 2007 by the
Prime Minister only mentioned some financial mechanism and policies for the project of
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). There has been no mechanism and policy to
mobilize the resources for other activities, including National Target Programme. The
approach of the program concentrates more on developing programme activities but has
not identified and supported finance to the activities. Therefore, renovation of the
financial mechanism, including the mechanism of mobilization, management and
investment on the basis of upholding the experience and lessons obtained from the
programmes, taking into account specific characteristics of the activities of responding to
climate change; and addressing shortcomings and weaknesses mentioned above is highly
recommended.
The approach is to bring into full play internal resources and make good use of
international fund to implement the programme according to common rules:
Make good use of international funds (grant aid and loan) and state budget, state credit
fund and thoroughly mobilize capital from the population
Use appropriate fund structure in which budget fund will support and stimulate other
funds
Motivate and create favorable environment to appeal investment from enterprises and
individuals by all means
Making allocating and deciding budget estimates, managing, using and consolidation of
National Target Programme budget are conducted in accordance with the State Budget
Law and its guidelines. .
.
Due to the specific of National Target Programme, it is necessary to develop a specific
financial management mechanism for the projects and activities of the National Target
Programme similar to other National Target Programmes.
Besides, it is possible to study and apply the method of Targeted budget support which is
the model of supporting and using Official Development Assistance (ODA) fund, directly
supplementing the budget without a project mechanism and a separate management
structure.
Targeted budget support method will provide budget for the programme activities defined
in National Target Programme by the Government and is disbursed, monitored and
managed on the mechanism of State Budget Law and the National Target Programme.
The goals of Targeted Budget Support Programme are also the goals of the National
Target Programme approved by Vietnamese Government.
The disbursement of Targeted Budget Support Programme will be timely processed
according to the agreed progress on the principles ‘ODA fund is mixed with the
Government budget and directly transferred to the Programmes’. Targeted Budget
Support Programme will create favorable conditions to integrate ODA fund with the
efforts of the Government to achieve the same goals. This is a new forwarding step in
harmonizing the procedures between the Government and donors.
Targeted Budget Support Programme will be carried out based on the mechanism that the
National Target Programme makes changes in fund allocation; monitoring and evaluation
on the basis of management decentralization. The reporting system is based on the
regular process/ procedure of the Government with some revision instead of designing
another separate process to implement the Targeted Budget Support Program.
6.4.1. Implementation budget
To achieve the programme targets, the estimated cost for the programme activities in the
period of 2008-2015 is VND 2.300 billion, which is allocated according to groups of
activities
Strengthening scientific and technological activities: VND 700 billion, which accounts
for 30.43%
Make action plans for ministries, sectors and local areas to cope with climate change:
VND 900 billion, which accounts for 39.13%
Strengthening the organization, institution and policy capacity regarding climate change:
VND 170 billion, which accounts for 7.39%
Raising awareness and manpower training: VND 290 billion, which accounts for 12.61%
Integrating the programme into other strategies, plans, programmes, projects and
schemes: VND 180 billion, which accounts for 7.83%
Strengthening international cooperation: VND 60 billion, which accounts for 2.61%
Cost estimate for two year period from 2009 to 2010 is VND 1.160 billion allocated
according to groups of activities as follow
Total
two years
2009 2010
I
Strengthen scientific &technological activities
228
85
143
.
II
Make & implement action plans for ministries,
Sectors and local areas to cope with climate change (*)
532
III
Strengthen organization, institution and
policy on climate change
IV
Raise Awareness &manpower training 146
128
61
85
V
Integrate the programme into other strategies,
planning, plans, programmes and projects 91
33
58
VI Strengthen international cooperation
20
Total 1.160 440
35
15
198
334
48
80
720
The budget structure for the programme activities in the period from 2008 to 2015
includes foreign fund (50%), state budget fund (50%) in which central budget accounts
for 40% and local budget accounts for 10%
Programme budget in the period after 2015 will be allocated together with specific
objectives of each period and according to targets and duties stated in the action plans of
ministries, sectors and local areas. The budget structure of the programme can be defined
as follow
Foreign fund: 50%
Domestic fund: 50%, in which
Central budget: 15%
Local budget: 10%
Preferential credit: 15%
Citizen’s contribution: 10%
6.4.2 Fund mobilization method
Innovate the method of fund mobilization from the community with socializing financial
resources as the center: mobilize, organize and create legal backup to stimulate the
participation of people, economic sectors and the whole society to invest in Responding
to climate change; uphold the internal resource from the users to contribute one part of
the construction cost and the whole cost of project operation, maintenance and
management; mobilize donors for more ODA and other fund for the programme.
Give priority to the costal, mountainous and poor areas and the most frequently affected
areas by natural calamities
 State budget Capital:
The Government should define the capital of State budget allocated for the National
Target Programme to cope with climate change sufficiently and proportionally with the
importance of t he program in the socio-economic development strategy of the country.
Capital of State budget allocated for the National Target Programme to cope with climate
change should be integrated and combined with projects of other national target
programmes right from the stage of appraisal and approval.
 Preferential credit loan
.
The demand for credit capital for the National Target Programme is very big. To achieve
this plan, it is necessary to increase the credit capital and expand the scope and the
targeted group of preferential credit fund for the programme implementation. Credit
capital is mainly of medium term and long term with low interest or no interest.
 Funds from Households, enterprises, other economic sectors
Strengthen the information dissemination, campaigning to mobilize households to
contribute one part of their income to building the works to cope with climate change.
The users contribute one part of the construction cost and the whole cost of operation,
maintenance and management investment.
The investment fund from enterprises, other economic sectors and individuals will be
mobilized to implement the programme through planning and completing the policies and
creating favorable conditions to attract fund from the investors, enterprises, social
organizations and to mobilize internal fund of the economy; encourage the contribution
from the private sectors and other economic sectors to the implementation of the projects
related to climate change through preferential policies such as land policies, tax reduction
and exemption and preferential credit, etc.
 Funds from international assistance
With the approach of mobilizing maximum of the international fund, the programme has
been accepting the aid from various international organizations and non-Government
organizations (NGOs) in which the long term and main donors are the multilateral funds
of climate change, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Asian
Development Bank (ADB), World Bank (WB) and bilateral funds of the developed
countries.
This type of fund includes ODA and long term loans with preferential interest which are
mobilized via multilateral cooperation. The international financial aid is in the form of
contribution to the aid fund and credit fund to grant for projects or a region
Capital of international aid for the programme must be planned right from the stage of
appraisal and approval and shown in annual plans of the Government.
6.4.3 Programme budgeting
All the budget plans are informed to the National Steering Committee at the beginning of
the year with the clear allocation of operating capital and investment and development
capital.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (leading agency of the programme)
is responsible for making plans for duties, targets and cost estimate and proposing
solutions to implement the programme to Ministry of Planning and Investment to
incorporate the programme into socio-economic development plan and submit to the
Government. The Government will submit it to several committees of the National
Assembly before submitting to the National Assembly in accordance with the State
Budget Law
Based on the total budget of the National Target Program announced by authorized level,
the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment takes lead and co-ordinates with
Ministry of Planning and Investment and Ministry of Finance to draft the fund allocation
plan of the programme for ministries, central agencies and provinces and central cities
according to assigned targets and duties. The Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment consolidates the allocation and sends to Ministry of Finance and Ministry of
.
Planning and Investment to incorporate in the budget estimate of ministries, sectors, local
areas and to submit to the Prime Minister to submit to the National Assembly in
accordance with the State Budget Law.
For ministries and central agencies: Basing on the budget of the programme assigned by
the Prime Minister, they are supposed to allocate and assign tasks for their member units
compatibly with the targets and content of the programme and then submit to Ministry of
Finance as the basis to allocate fund
For local Government: Basing on the total budget of all projects assigned to the locality
by the Government, provincial and central city people’s committees are responsible for
integrating and allocating budget for the target programmes in the area of their
management.
6.4.4. Disbursement and Balancing of account
The disbursement for the programme is performed mainly through three channels
Disbursement of loan, aid from international donors via provincial banks according to the
Loan Decree signed between Vietnam Government and the donor
State budget capital is disbursed with the monitoring and management by the State
Treasure system according to guidance in the State Budget Law
Domestic Preferential Credit Capital is disbursed via Social Policy Bank.
The units that directly use the budget of National target program are responsible to enter
and balance the account of all expenditures in the project implementation according to
chapter, type, article in line with the index of State budget; code of National target
program and the regulation of State Budget Law, Law of Accountancy and other legal
documents of Law enforcement and guidelines..
The projects and the operation of the purchasing Program: equipments, goods and
materials, Information technology services, etc. should be carried out according to the
legal regulations of tender.
For some activities of the Program done by the offices, organizations through the contract
with Project management agencies, the documents of the disbursement and balance are
stored in Project management agencies, comprises of: Contract of task implementation
(attached with detailed estimate approved by Project management agencies), handover
minutes, contract liquidation minutes, Payment voucher and other related documents.
Concrete justification documents of expenses are stored by the project implementing
organization as of stipulated by Law.
6.4.4 Reporting
Ministries, project management sectors, Chairman of provincial/city People’s committees
are responsible to report financial situation and results of the implementing the projects
and send to Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Finance and
Ministry of Planning and Investment according to current regulation applied for National
target program.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is responsible to sum up the evaluation
and report on the implementation of the target, contents and efficiency of National target
program according to current regulation applied for National target program
6.4.5 Tax
Exempt time-bound corporate tax, reduce the land use tax for all economic
elements participating in the projects under the National Target Program
.
6.5. Monitoring and Evaluation
6.5.1 Objective and requirements
Monitoring and evaluation system is designed to ensure objectiveness in
monitoring and evaluation of the implementation process to see if the set goals and tasks
of the National Target Program have met.
Objectives of the programme monitoring and evaluation
Help the programme steering committee and leading board follow up and accurately
evaluate the progress and achievements of the programme targets and shortcomings,
difficulties and causes in the implementation in order to have timely and suitable
adjusting solutions
Propose initiatives to uphold the positive aspects and deal with the shortcomings and
provide development policy planning agencies with actual data to study, complete and
adjust policies and mechanism and promote the programme activities in each period.
Create mutual perspectives and common responsibilities for the community,
organizations, and individuals in the society in the implementation of the programme
targets
Provide the database of the progress and achievement of the programme targets and
objectives and supplement the information source and statistic data system of the
programme.
Requirements of the programme monitoring and evaluation
Ensure the objectivity and validity in collecting, processing and providing feedback
information of the implementation of the objectives and targets of the programme
Ensure the continuity, inheritance, consistence and consideration of the specification of
ministries, sectors, local areas in monitoring the objectives and targets of the programme
to compare and contrast the implementation of the objectives and targets of the
programme.
Ensure the consistence and close collaboration among ministries, sectors, regions and
authority levels in monitoring and evaluation in order to harmonize and motivate the
implementation of the objectives and targets of the programme.
In stead of preventing and slowing down the implementation of the objectives and targets
of the programme, the monitoring and evaluation process supports and stimulate the
implementation through identifying strengths, weaknesses, shortcomings and challenges
as well as opportunities in the implementation of the objectives and targets of the
programme.
Mobilize far-reaching and active participation of social organizations and community to
create a consensus in implementing the objectives and targets of the programme.
6.5.2. Content of Monitoring and Evaluation
The content of monitoring and evaluation process is to consider and assess not only the
progress of implementing the programme objectives and targets (whether objectives and
targets of the programme are implemented/finished?) but also the quality of the
implementation (How are they implemented?) and impacts on the national programme as
.
well as sectors and fields (implementation level, capacity of organizing implementation;
influences and impacts,…), reasons and causes and proposals. The main content of
monitoring and evaluation includes
1. Monitor and evaluate resource mobilization and allocation for the programme targets
(input): results and effectiveness of using resources
2. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the programme targets (output): results
and progress of the implementation.
3. Monitor and evaluate the making and implementation of the mechanism and policies of
the programme: the compliance and influence of the policies and mechanism on
implementing programme objectives and targets..
4. Monitor and evaluate the participation of the community in implementing objectives
and targets of the programme: the level of participation and influence on implementing
the programme objectives and targets.
5. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the programme targets on national,
sectoral and local scale: results and progress of the implementation
6. Identify the strength, weaknesses, shortcomings and challenges as well as opportunities
in the implementation of the programme objectives and targets. Basing on that, point out
the causes and proposes solutions and methods to improve or uphold.
6.5.3
Mechanism of monitoring and evaluation
The mechanism of monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the
programme must be compatible with the programme objectives and scope. The current 5
year socio–economic development plan has been designed in a suitable manner so that
monitoring and evaluation can be done. Therefore, monitoring and evaluation of the
National Target Program based on the programme implementation outcomes needs to be
planned and guided. Same as for Monitoring and Evaluation Framework to be checked
based on the implementation of National Target Program and set of indicators and criteria
for monitoring and evaluation for each goal and activity as well as impact of the National
Target Program.
6.5.4
Implementation Period
Monitoring and evaluation of all goals and tasks of the National Target Program is
carried out per annum at all levels and done by the organizers of the program and would
be collected and synthesized by the Programme Steering Committee to report later on to
the Government.
6.5.5
Set of indicators/criteria for monitoring and evaluation
Set of indicators and criteria for monitoring and evaluation are studied and
specified according to groups of programme activities
6.5.6 Responsibility
 District level
Office of Natural Resources and Environment is to consolidate, gather, manage and
maintain all information and data to prepare for regular report;
.
District People’s Committee is to send consolidation report regularly per region or
commune to standing agency of the National Target Program within provincial or city
level, i.e. to Department of Natural Resources and Environment.
 Provincial level
Department of Natural Resources and Environment is responsible to manage, and store
the summarizing information by regions or commune reported by the districts;
Supervise and instruct district level to send periodical reports timely;
Summarize the information and send periodical report to Steering committee of National
target program.
 Central level
Standing office of national steering committee is responsible to manage and store the
information reported by the provinces;
Supervise and instruct the provincial level to send periodical report timely;
Check the source of data and liability of the figures;
Assist the Steering committee to prepare periodical and submit to the Government.
6.6. Programme Adjusting Mechanism
Basing on the update researching results on climate change tendency, the scenario of
climate change in Vietnam and in the world, new forecast/warning on the impacts of
climate change, the negotiation after Kyoto in 2012, economic situation of the country,
experience and lessons from programme implementation in each stage, the programme
can be adjusted and updated about content and methods (once in two years) to be suitable
for the new conditions and situation
Ministries, local areas propose adjusting content in phase reports and annual reports. The
programme steering committee and the secretariat are responsible for the requirements
and submit to the programme steering committee for approval.
6.7.
Challenges in the implementation
First challenge in implementing National target program is weak awareness in both scope
and level as well as the measures to cope with climate change. The lack of awareness has
existed in the levels, from the decision makers, officials in sectors and localities, in social
mass organizations and in vulnerable communities. Therefore, raising awareness at all
levels is obviously the first priority of the activities.
Second challenge in implementing National target program is the lack of
coordination to cope with the climate change in developing the policies, plans and
programs in sectors and fields, even in climate sensitive sectors. They are not aware of
the necessity of the integration. Integrating the climate change in the scheme, design and
implement the policies barely exist, especially there has not been links between the
climate change and the activities of poverty reduction and hunger eradication and
employment.
Third challenge in implementing National target program (when awareness has been
raised) is the lack of tools and methodology to instruct and give out consultancy to the
decision makers. This happens also with also the experts in the sectors, local levels and in
vulnerable communities. Therefore, training and knowledge fostering, collect and utilize
data, develop the methodologies, analysis and adaptation tools of the climate change are
important activities that should be done at once.
.
Fourth challenge in implementing National target program is the lack of knowledge.
Climate change is a long term issue, the impact of the climate change are very complex
including present impact and potential impact in the future. The knowledge of the world
and Vietnam on the process of the climate change and its impact to socio-economic
operations is still limited.
VII. Proposal and RECOMMENDATION
7.1. Mechanism and policies needed for promulgation
A inclusive and comprehensive system of legal regulations will create necessary legal
environment to implement the National target program. However, current legal document
and regulation system on response to climate change is incomplete and inconsistent.
Some documents were issued without sufficient legal grounds to regulate issues and
activities relating to climate change. Besides, there have not been clear and concrete
regulations for collaboration among ministries, sectors and regions, as well as
participating and collaborating mechanism for all entities of the society, communities in
the programs to cope with climate change. Therefore, the legal documents system needs
to be soon supplemented and improved in order to meet requirements of the society in
sustainable development, adaptation and mitigation of climate change.
To address the above shortcomings, it is necessary to give priority to the review, revision
and request for amending needed legal documents and regulations to speed up the
implementation of the National Target Program in period 2009 - 2010 in accordance with
guidelines, principles and approaches of the National Strategy for Sustainable
Development Strategy to 2020 and to create legal basis to effectively manage and
implement the activities of responding to climate change. Specifically as follow:
1) Legal documents to be reviewed
a) Reviewing and amending Instruction No. 35/2005/CT-TTg dated October 17th
2005 and Decision No. 47/2007/QĐ-TTg, dated April 6th 2007 of the Prime Minister to
have a suitable mechanism to regulate issues related to the implementation of UN
Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol for the current period and after 2012
including:
Timely and synchronously organize the activities to cope with climate change nationwide
including the adaptation and mitigation of climate change;
Clearly stipulate duties, rights and responsibilities for ministries, sectors, authorities,
regions and single citizens to participate in the activities to cope with climate change
within the country as well as in international activities responding to climate change.
b) Reviewing, amending Decision No. 130/2007/QĐ-TTg, dated August 2nd 2007 by the
Prime Minister to fully mobilize all resources to carry out socio-economic development
plan of the period 2008-2010 and after 2010. Integrate climate change issues into socioeconomic development programs of all sectors and regions. Issue legal documents and
regulations of guidelines, inspection and supervision on the use of fund to carry out the
National Target Program.
c) Reviewing amending Circular No. 10/2006/TT-BTNMT dated December 12th 2006 by
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to encourage far-reaching involvement
of national and international organizations and investors in the activities of Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM), and to improve technology, handle and apply clean
.
technology for sustainable development in line with the adaptation and mitigation of the
climate change.
2) Legal documents to be enacted
Study and formulate Government Decree regulating foreign investment from funds
related to climate change to be suitable with current management regulations of the
Government and international legal documents and rules and to ensure the flexibility and
effectiveness;
Decision of the Government to establish the National Steering Committee on National
Target Programme in response to climate change with the Prime Minister as the head and
with the participation of leaders of related ministries and sectors
Study and formulate and propose for promugation Prime Minister’s Decision to approve
the plan for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and Climate Convention in the
period of 2011-2015 and the orientation for the period after 2015;
Formulate in steps and issue national standard of ‘Climate Change’ and priority criteria
for the program, projects related to climate change;
Study, formulate and promulgate Prime Minister’s Decision on decentralization and
Circular to instruct the development, management, implementation and financial
mechanism for climate change projects.
Issue Circular to instruct the supervision of the integration of climate change into overall
development plan of the ministries, sectors and regions; and socio-economic activities as
a criterion to evaluate strategic environmental impacts
7.2. Other proposals
Evaluate the implementation of the Action Plan to comply with Kyoto Protocol and the
activities related to UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to propose and fully
update the National Target Programme;
Comprehensively and sufficiently evaluate the impact of climate change on sectors,
regions in order to set the basis for improving the coping strategy for the next period.
Organize widespread communication campaigns on the National Target Programme and
the implementation of the programme through mass media. Make the best use of the
financial and technical support from international organizations to implement the
National Target Programme effectively.
References
I. Direction from Government and MONRE in response to Climate Change
1. Resolution No. 60/2007/NQ-CP dated December 3rd 2007 by the Government has
assigned Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to preside over and coordinate
with other related ministries and branches as well as sectors to develop a National Target
Program to cope with global climate change.
2. Decision No. 47/2007/QĐ-TTg dated April 6th 2007 by the Government Prime
Minister has approved Plan to implement Kyoto Protocol under the UNFCCC in 20072010;
3. Direction No. 35/2005/CT-TTg dated October 17th 2005 by Government Prime
Minister on implementation of Kyoto Protocol under UNFCCC in Vietnam;
.
4. Letter No. 1754/VPCP-NN dated April 3rd 2007 by Office of the Government,
Standing Deputy Prime Minister, H.E. Nguyen Sinh Hung has assigned Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment to preside over and coordinate with related
organisations in cooperation with international ones to research in order to develop a
proper action plan to cope with climate change and rising of sea water level in Vietnam
accordingly;
5. Circular No.10/2006/TT-BTNMT dated December 12th 2006 by MONRE on
“Guideline to develop CDM projects under Kyoto Protocol”;
6. Decision No. 1819/QĐ-BTNMT dated November 16th 2007 by the Minister of
MONRE.
II. Projects, studies related to CC in Vietnam
7. General Department of Hydrometeorology, “Study on strategy to mitigate greenhouse
gas emission with the lowest cost for Asia” (ALGAS);
8. General Department of Hydrometeorology, “Evaluation of vulnerability of Vietnam
coast ”, 1997;
9. MONRE, "Vietnam Initial National communication on CC to UNFCCC”
10. MONRE, “National strategy on CDM”;
11. MONRE, “Vietnam second National communication on CC to UNFCCC” (being
prepared);
12. MONRE, “Strengthening capacity for Vietnam focal agencies on climate change”
(being carried out);
13. Institute of HydroMeteorology and Environment, MONRE, “Study on CC in
Southeast Asia and impact assessment, vulnerability and adaptation solutions”,
Cooperation between IHME and SEA START RC, 2007;
14. IHEM, MONRE, “Study on CC impact on Huong river basin and adaptation policy
in Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province”, Cooperation between IHME and
Netherlands Climate Assisstance Programme (NCAP), 2005;
15. IHEM, MONRE, “Benefit of CC adaptation from small and medium hydro power
plants, consistency with rural development”, Cooperation between IHME & DANIDA,
2007;
16. IHEM, MONRE, “Impacts of sea-level rise and adaptation solutions in Vietnam”,
2008;
17. IHME, MONRE, “Impacts of CC on water resources in Vietnam and adaptation
solutions”, Cooperation between IHEM & DANIDA, 2008;
18. Centre on science technology on HME, “Increasing awareness and strengthening
capacity for localities in adaptation and mitigation on CC, contribute to implementation
of UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol on CC”, 2007;
19. Peter Chaudhry and Greet Ruysschaert, Climate Change and Human Development in
Viet Nam, 2007;
20. MWH, Linking Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management for
Sustainable Poverty Reduction Vietnam Country Study, November 2006;
21. CECE, “Building capacity to adapt to CC in Centre of Vietnam”, 2005;
22. Vietnam Red Cross, “Prevention natural calamity related to CC”, 2006;
.
III. National strategies and programs
23. MARD, National strategy on prevention, protection and mitigation natural calamity to
2020;
24. MONRE, National strategy on water resources to 2020;
25. MONRE, National strategy on environmental protection in 2001-2010;
26. MPI, Direction strategy for sustainable development in Vietnam (Vietnam Agenda
21)
27. MARD, National Target Program on Clean Water and Rural Environmental
Sanitation;
28. MOLISA, National Target Program on Poverty Reduction in 2006-2010;
29. MOLISA, SCEMMA,
30. Socio-economic development program for special difficulty communes (Program 135
– phase 2);
31. MOLISA, National Target Program on employment to 2010;
32. MOH, National Target Program on prevention of social diseases, dangerous
epidemics and HIV/AIDS;
33. MOCST, National Target Program on Cultural development;
34. MOET, National Target Program on Education and Training;
35. MARD, Project on 5 mil ha of forest;
36. MOIT, National Target Program on saving and effective use of energy.
IV. Projects and studies related to CC on the world
37. Nicholas Stern, “STERN REVIEW: The Economics of Climate Change”, 2007;
38. IPCC, “Fourth Assessment Report of the InterGovernmental Panel on Climate
Change: WGI: "The Physical Science of Climate Change", WGII: "Impacts, Adaptation
& Vulnerability", WGIII: "Mitigation of Climate Change", 2007;
39. UNFCCC, “Guidelines for the Preparation of National Adaptation Programmes of
Action”, 2004;
40. UNFCCC, “Climate Change: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation in Developing
Countries”, 2007
41. UNDP, Human Development Report 2007/2008, "Fighting Climate Change: Human
Solidarity in a Divided World", 2007;
V. National Action Plans in response to CC of other countries
42. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)” of Bangladesh (2005), Bhutan
(2007), Burundi (2007), Cambodia (2006), Comoros (2006), Djibouti (2006), Eritrea
(2007), Guinée (2007), Haiti (2006), Kiribati (2007), Lesotho (2007), Madagascar
(2006), Malawi (2006), Mauritania (2004), Mali (2007), Niger (2006), Congo (2006),
Rwanda (2006), Samoa (2005), Sénégal (2006), Sudan (2007), Tomé E Príncipe (2006),
Tuvalu (2007), Tanzania (2007), Zambia (2007);
43. National Development and Reform Commission, People’s Republic of China,
“China’s National Climate Change Programme”, June 2007;
.
44. State Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia, "National action plan
Addressing climate change", 2007
45. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa, "A National
Climate Change Response Strategy for South Africa";
46. Balgis Osman-Elasha & Thomas E Downing, “Lessons Learned in Preparing
National Adaptation Programmes of Action in Eastern and Southern Africa”, 2007.
Annex I: Main solutions to response to CC for fields, sectors and regions
Vietnam is considered one of the five countries that will suffer strong impact of the
climate change and of sea-level rise. Climate change adaptation has become a crucial,
immediate and long lasting issue. The contents of adaptation activities are focus of the
National Target Program.
Vietnam has to continuously extract and use fossil fuel in order to meet the demand of
socio-economic development. As a result, it will increase the greenhouse gases emission.
However, Vietnam understand clearly the potential impacts of CC and also aware of her
role on the one independent party of the Annex I of Kyoto Protocol. Vietnam, with her
condition and possible ability, will develop and implement greenhouse gases emission
mitigation through the following solutions (i) use technologies with lower emission
compare with the present in socio-economic activities; and (ii) have policies and methods
to implement the objective to increase the greenhouse gases absorption sink. Vietnam
will effectively implement the GHG emission mitigation with the adequate financial and
technological transfer supports from developed countries and other international supports.
Following are some solutions, which are based on final study results by IPCC, which can
be applied to response to CC.
1. Climate change adaptation upon fields
a) Water resources
A key policy to adapt to climate change is utilise water resources scientifically, properly,
effectively, and to ensure security to provide enough water to all needs with the following
main activities:
- Develop and improve the framework of a synchronous legal documents, laws, and
circulars; propose to Government to amendment water resources law and finalise related
mechanisms and policies.
- Related ministries/ sectors strengthened the management mechanism of water resources
at different levels in the context of the climate change;
- Develop implementation plans, programs to adapt with the climate change in the field of
water resources at sectors and all levels;
- Identify suitable scientific and technical solutions, such as: Overall plan of river basin
and integrated water basin management, change technical criteria of water utilizing and
exploiting projects, methods to save and effectively use of the water sources, protect and
maintain water resources, control water pollution.
.
- Raise the awareness of the community on the methods of water usage in adapting to the
climate change.
b) Agriculture
As for cropping system, solutions for adaptation to CC may include:
To diversify crop, or to substitute existing crops with varieties suitable to changed
climate patterns; enhance their high temperature and drought resistance; adjust fertilizer
proportion to maintain their quality; adjust the intervals and time needed for irrigation as
well as other water source management measures.
To spread the water-efficient usage technology and technology for soil-moisture keeping
(such as taking advantage of plants disposure), to promote the efficient use of water in
precipitation- reduced areas.
To efficiently manage water sources to avoid flooding, erosion and soil nutrient leaching
in precipitation-escalated areas
To change cropping season or cropping areas
To diversify income source by other activities, such as livestock raising
To enhance disease and weed prevention through integrated pest management; to develop
and use pest-resistant varieties et species; to maintain and enhance disease monitoring
activities and the capacity to enforce phytosanitary measures
To use weather forecast information to minimize production risks
As for forest plantation, to adapt to CC, it may need to adjust management and harvesting
methods in specific area as well as between several areas; to combine hard and soft wood
trees; to change forest rotation periods; to opt for plantation of more efficient (yielding)
species or areas in new climate conditions; to establish landscape planning to minimise
damages caused by forest fires or insects. The adaptation strategy may include the
compulsory burning of areas afflicted by insects to get rid of contamination risk; to
control insects by non-chemical substances (such as micro-biological products); to adjust
harvesting calendar so that forest vulnerable to insects are harvested in advance.
Marine ecosystems, to some extents, are under less geographic pressure for changes as
compared to land ecosystems. Marine suspended substances ecosystem distribution has
rapidly been shifting over the last three decades, which can be considered a natural
adaptation with changing physical environment. As for natural fishing areas, it would not
be possible to adopt similar adaptation solutions to those applied to crop, livestock and
forest. Therefore, adaptation measures shall focus on adjustment of fishing dimension and
efforts. Three fourths of world sea fish resources are currently subject to overexploitation.
Thus, in many cases, reduction in fishing must be adopted to maintain production and to
help conserve fish spheres as they are highly sensitive to CC.
Institutional support and policies must be enacted to ensure that these measures are
observed.
c) Health care and health
Adaption in Health sector means to have a health monitoring and control strategy in
region and localities to ensure health safety to public amid CC and natural calamities.
Key adaptation measures include:
.
To establish a standards system on environmental health, taking CC into account
To strengthen disease prevention (transmissible and non-transmissible disease)
scrutinizer, preventing disease spread amid CC (including international sanitary and
quarantine measures)
To promote awareness raising to help the public understand the impacts of CC on
people’s health
To study, suggest hygiene and sanitary measures to cope with communicable and noncommunicable disease in adaption to CC
d) Other sectors
Based on vulnerability to CC researches and as per their need, sectors shall define
applicable solutions in adaptation to CC.
2. Regional and local adaption to CC
CC impacts can be seen in any region and areas, however, the impact differs from one
region to another depending on its geographic location, natural, socio-economic
conditions and on activities in response to CC. Therefore, development of plan in
response to CC, apart from common solutions should take into account the regional
peculiarity. Region and areas vulnerable to CC should early develop and rapidly and
efficiently implement responding work plan.
Common solutions to regions and areas include:
To review and gather experience in preventing natural calamities, to develop guidance on
applying science and technology achievements adapted to CC and integrate into regional
development plan.
To develop and implement strategy protecting bio-diversity, to prevent and mitigate
weather extremes phenomenon, as influenced by CC.
To strengthen awareness raising
To promote irrigation work, ensuring sufficient water for daily life, irrigation and
cropping purposes.
Particular solutions need to be developed for the following specific areas:
Coastal area
Basic and overall strategy for coastal area shall consist of integrated management and
sustainable development, ensuring food security, life safety and cultural values as the
area is Responding to serious impact of CC and sea-level rise. The following solutions
need to be taken in coastal areas:
-To develop solutions to prevent and cope with typhoons, flood, to ensure rescue and life
safety, to conduct community-based approach in coastal integrated management
-To improve infrastructures and proceed to restructuring of economy, production practice
and life customs to adapt to sea-level rise.
-To estimate cost and to proceed to pilot resettlement, moving population and
infrastructures out of high-risk areas. To develop strategy and planning of sea, river
mouth dikes and other areas needing embankments to protect from salt encroachment,
ensuring flood divert, drainage and life safety; to establish the flood early warning
system.
.
-To promote study and research on structure and functions of coastal ecosystem such as
wetland, swamp mangroves, coral reef, sea weed, etc and CC impacts on ecosystem
adaptability.
Northern and Southern lowland areas
To study the development of a plan to upgrade sea and river mouth dikes and populated
lowland area embankments, to improve the cohabitation with flooding and the gradual
sea-level rise, to ensure national food security.
Mountain and highland
-To protect, maintain and develop the floor vegetation in upstream, upland areas and
those having protection function
-To strengthen communication work and help improve ethnic minorities people’s
livelihood
-To conduct sylvi-agricultural production, to rationalise commodity production-oriented
extraction of natural resources, putting an end to autarky economy.
3. Emissions reduction and enhancement of greenhouse gases absorption
a) Energy sector
The Energy sector’s strategy consists of ensuring energy supply to socio-economic
development and daily life, with a top priority given to industrialisation and
modernisation drive based on exploitation of various domestic primary energy sources.
To efficiently use energy types on the basis of energy demand management blueprint. To
minimise environmental impact of energy sector, ensuring economic sustainable
development.
Mitigation of greenhouse gases within Energy sector is an integral part of energy
development blueprint with the following concrete content:
-To efficiently utilise energy amid CC conditions
-To optimise the use of energy sources, to bring into full play hydro-power and gas
-To develop new energy sources: geothermal, solar, wind and nuclear energy.
-To define emissions standards, to conduct environment cost-benefit analysis for energy
project.
b) Agriculture, Forestry and land use adjustment
To coordinate programmes of Sylvi-Agricultural sector, forest protection and
conservation programme and reforestation programme, etc in order to speed up the
implementation of programme for conservation and enhancement of greenhouse gases
absorption in Vietnam. To ensure sustainable use and development of the 16.24 million
ha of land earmarked for forestry. To increase forest cover from 37 percent in 2005 to
42.6 percent 2010 and 47 percent in 2015.
.
To reduce greenhouse gases, protect forest and greenhouse gases absorption in
agriculture with a coordinated policy, science and technology and awareness programme.
Specific measures include:
-To develop programme of efficient use of barren land and denuded hills, to help create
jobs, alleviate poverty and promote settled and cultivation and residence.
-To suggest polices encouraging substitution materials and integrate the policy in
Forestry work plan
-To integrate the topic in the process of opening forestry to players and the settlement
programme
-To develop implementation programme for rice cultivation irrigation management; to
proceed to crop restructuring, to rationalise crop seasons
-To enhance livestock rearing, making it relevant to feedstuff industry while conducting
the processing of animal waste (biogas)
Solid waste treatment
To manage and treat solid waste is among environment protection priorities, helping
reduce greenhouse gases under the strategy to mitigate CC impact in Vietnam. Key
prioritised solutions include:
-To develop plan for advanced technology application in transforming organic waste into
fertiliser, to minimise compost use with a view to reduce unwanted impact on
environment and methane emission
-To conduct measures to completely absorb methane emitting from waste disposal to use
as fuel
Development and implementation of clean development mechanism (CDM)
CDM is a mechanism under Kyoto protocol to help developing countries (including
Vietnam) achieve sustainable development goals and contribute to global efforts to
reduce greenhouse gases.
Only two CDM projects have been approved in Vietnam so far. However, there are
considerable potentials for CDM project development and implementation and can be
found in various economic sectors, especially in energy including production and
business; transport, waste treatment and forestry.
The Prime Minister has promulgated a number of legal documents relating to CDM:
Instruction No. 35/ 2005/CT-TTg dated October 17, 2005 on the enforcement of Kyoto
protocol under the UN Frame Convention on CC
Decision No. 47/2007/QD-TTg dated April 6, 2007 on the approval of plan for
enforcement schedule of Kyoto Protocol under the UN Frame Convention on CC for the
2007-2010 period. The Decision defines terms of reference for Ministries, Government
agencies relating to their duties for development of CDM project for submission to
competent authority. Provincial People’s Committees, based on the Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment’s guidance shall instruct their relevant institutions and
enterprises to develop CDM projects under the local Government approval authority.
.
Decision No. 130/2007/QD-TTg dated August 2, 20006 on mechanism and benefits
treatment with CDM projects.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has issued Circular 10/2006/TTBTNMT dated December 12, 2006 providing guidelines on CDM projects.
These are grounds for Ministries, Government agencies and local Government to develop
and implement CDM projects.
Annex II: Basic contents of Action plan in response to CC for ministries, sectors and
localoties
A. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Legal basis
3. Natural and social condition/characteristic
4. The need of development Action plan in response to CC
B. Objective of Action plan development
C. Content of Action plan
Chapter I: Climate Change, CC scenarios, and impacts of CC on development (sectors)
or (localities socio-economic).
Chapter II: Development situation (sectors) or (localities socio-economic) in the past
and direction for the period to 2010, 2015 and vision to 2020.
Chapter III. Main directions in Action plan in response to CC
3.1 Main actors have direct and indirect impacts of CC (ministerial fields) or (in
province).
3.2 Direction on action plan for main actors (ministerial fields or at province)
3.2.1 Objective
3.2.2 Content
3.2.3 Response approaches/solutions (include CC adaption solutions, GHG emission
mitigation solutions)
3.2.4 Ability to integrate CC into other programs and projects.
Chapter IV Develop a list of priority projects to response to CC
Chapter V Implementation
(assign responsibility for organizations and units in ministries or provinces.
Chapter VI Conclusion and recommendation
Annexes
- List of priority projects to response to CC (in sector...) or (in province...);
- List of pilot project(s);
- List of other related programs and projects.
Annex III: Criteria to select priority projects
.
For Vietnam, there should be consideration the following important factors during the
identification and prioritization of the criteria:
Over 70% of the population is in rural areas and live on the agriculture and farming
related work, very much dependent on natural condition and water resources. This is the
sector possibly suffered strongest impact by the climate change, especially Mekong Delta
and Red river Delta areas.
Impact and damages can be viewed from some identical aspects: following the sector and
regional perspectives or type of losing life, employment or incomes. In the situation of
Vietnam, basing on the damages and pressure on the employment of poor people would
be reasonable.
Poverty reduction is a complex and complicated issue, therefore the selection of the
project should head for the generation of socio-economic legal benefit and skill/ capacity
development for the poor.
In fact, the activities to reduce the poverty to enhance the adaptability of the poor are
often difficult to meet the criteria of economic effects. So this should be considered.
Criteria to identify priority projects
Identification of priority projects will base on following criteria:
i. Response to urgent requirements in order to reduce vulnerability by CC and
mitigation of emission;
ii. Reduce the loss of life and livelihood;
iii. Economic efficiency: projects need to be carefully calculated on cost-effective before
propose, especially priority to low cost and high effective projects which belong to “non
regret” projects group.
iv. Poverty reduction and income creation opportunity to vulnerable community,
especially communities in rural, mountainous, remote, ethic minority groups, and women
areas;
v. Support and supplement for urgent requirement sin study, institutional development,
action plan, and capacity building;
vi. Integration of response to CC activities in the present programs/projects, strategies
and plans of sectors and localities;
vii. Comprehensive and harmonisation with multilateral commitments as well as with
national sectoral programs and plans and international commitments;
At the present, we have not got specific data in some localities or fields, therefore, multicriteria analyse is used in cost-effective analyse, community consultation, expert
consultation to identify priority level of projects.
2) Priority fields and regions
Priority fields of projects include:
- Agriculture and food security;
- Water resources;
- Public health;
- Rural finance;
- Saving and effective use of energy;
- Forest and land use management;
- Coastal zone, land loss, and land management;
.
- Main infrastructure;
- Landscape and cultural places;
- Biodiversity;
- Study and apply science technology.
Many criteria and fields have overlap or interrelation with others. For example: poverty
reduction related to health, food security and water supply. Similarly, level of bad
impacts can be assessed by loss of life and livelihood, reduction of health, loss of land,
loss of biodiversity, etc. Assess criteria in this way can help to identify when criteria are
overlap or interrelation.
Annex IV: List of prioriTISED projects to be implemented UNDER THE National Target
Program
.
ANNEX B: BUDGET DETAILS
It should be noted that GoV cost norms will apply for the funds transferred to MOF. The
cost levels in the detailed budget are therefore only indicative and used as the base for
calculations.
Exchange rates table
VND
DKK
USD
VND
1
0.000291715 6.02E-05
DKK
3428
1 0.206612
USD 16606
4.84
1
Exchange rates: valid 1 July 2008, EDK
Table A1.1 Summary Budget CCA-NTP (VND)
Summary
budget (VND
Billion)
Component:
Output
1 NTP
Provincial
2 interventions
Total
2009-2013
Danida contribution
Invest Recur
GoV
ment
rent
Int. TA Total
Contr.
VND
VND
VND
VND
VND
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
52.0
62.8
39.0
153.8
219.4
271.4
20.8
83.6
51.6
90.6
Other
Viet.
Contr.
VND
(b)
VND (b)
563.5
681.4
291.8
2,254.0
Danida Contribution
2011
2012
2013
VND (b) VND (b) VND (b)
32.8
32.1
25.4
68.1
84.3
79.3
101.0
116.4
104.7
112.7
112.7
112.7
112.7
112.7
112.7
136.3
136.3
136.3
462.6
478.1
466.3
Total
VND (b)
153.8
291.8
445.6
563.5
563.5
681.4
2,254.0
291.8
445.6
563.5
Other
Donor
Total
VND (b)
153.8
Table A2.1 Annual Summary Budget CCA-NTP (VND)
Annual budget (VND million)
Component:
Output
1 NTP
2 Provincial interventions
Total Danida contribution
Total GoV Contribution
Other Viet contribution
Other Donors
Total all sources
2009
VND (b)
23.0
5.7
28.7
112.7
112.7
136.3
390.3
2010
VND (b)
40.6
54.4
95.0
112.7
112.7
136.3
456.7
.
Table A 3 Detailed breakdown of budget – CCA- NTP
Institution
NTP
PPC
Totals
unit rate
Detailed budget CCA-NTP sub-component
Quantities
Output/cluster of outputs
Category
Item
(DKK)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 total
1 NTP
Workshops, coordination
Recurrent
Allocated monthly sum
15,000
12
9
4
0
0
25
Local TA
Recurrent
mm
21,450
42
36
36
30
0
144
Adviser
Int.TA
months
107,000
12
6
6
0
0
24
Short term international TA Int.TA
mm
160,000
18
18
10
9
0
55
Workshops, capacity building Recurrent
Allocated monthly sum
25,000
12
12
12
11
0
47
Equipment
Investment
allocated sum
1,000,000 500,000
0
0
0 1,500,000
Unallocated
Recurrent/Investment
allocated sum
0 5,958,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,400,000 27,358,000
Sub total
2 Provincial NTP interventions
Funds for investment
Investment
Allocated sum
Workshops, coordination
Recurrent
Allocated monthly sum
15,000
12
24
24
24
12
96
Local TA
Recurrent
Local TA
21,450
24
48
48
48
48
216
Adviser
Int.TA
Adviser
107,000
24
24
12
60
Short term
Int.TA
Short term
160,000
6
12
12
12
12
54
Sub total
Total
Investment
Total
Recurrent
Total
int TA
Adviser
12
30
30
12
0
84
Short term
24
30
22
21
12
109
Grand total
2009
2010
Amount (DKK)
2011
2012
2013 total
180,000 135,000
60,000
0
0
375,000
900,900 772,200 772,200 643,500
0 3,088,800
1,284,000 642,000 642,000
0
0 2,568,000
2,880,000 2,880,000 1,600,000 1,440,000
0 8,800,000
302,000 300,000 300,000 275,000
0 1,177,000
1,000,000 500,000
0
0
0 1,500,000
0 5,958,000 7,000,000 7,000,000 7,400,000 27,358,000
6,546,900 11,187,200 10,374,200 9,358,500 7,400,000 44,866,800
0
180,000
514,800
0
960,000
1,654,800
1,000,000
2,077,700
1,284,000
3,840,000
8,201,700
10,000,000
360,000
1,029,600
2,568,000
1,920,000
15,877,600
13,479,000
5,575,800
3,210,000
4,800,000
27,064,800
14,000,000
360,000
1,029,600
2,568,000
1,920,000
19,877,600
17,500,000
6,021,800
3,210,000
3,520,000
30,251,800
20,000,000
360,000
1,029,600
1,284,000
1,920,000
24,593,600
23,500,000
5,808,100
1,284,000
3,360,000
33,952,100
20,000,000
180,000
1,029,600
0
1,920,000
23,129,600
23,700,000
4,909,600
0
1,920,000
30,529,600
64,000,000
1,440,000
4,633,200
6,420,000
8,640,000
85,133,200
79,179,000
24,393,000
8,988,000
17,440,000
130,000,000
.
ANNEX C:
1.
JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR DANIDA LONG-TERM ADVISERS
Draft Terms of Reference International Senior Adviser to Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment
Background
As part of the Danida support to the strategic basis for strengthening the implementation
of Vietnam’s ‘National Target Program in coping with climate change’ a Senior Adviser
will be placed at the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), in order
to assist the relevant department/ institution in carrying out its functions as host of the
Standing Office for the National Target Program.
The Senior Adviser will have a degree of independence in developing his/her work
program in accord with the approaches, principles and objectives outlined in the
Programme Document and the NTP-RCC document. The scope of work will be agreed
with MONRE/standing office of the NTP-RCC.
The Senior Adviser shall act as a professional adviser, leaving implementation
responsibility to the national counterparts in the standing office of the NTP-RCC and
other involved ministries. The adviser should be aware of the limited duration of the
assignment and work towards identifying needs and opportunities and building capacity
in the standing office of NTP rather than acting as gap-filler or implementer.
The Senior Adviser will in the first year together with MONRE also be supporting Quang
Nam and Ben Tre provinces in initiating the NTP-RCC work at provincial level.
Scope of Work
The Adviser’s work will include in the form of assistance and advice:






Identify and discuss opportunities for strengthening MONRE/standing office of NTPRCC in accord with their mandate and role in planning and oversight of the NTPRCC, including the collection and quality of baseline data, support to reporting,
introduction of an improved M&E system, support for provincial information
campaigns consistent with NTP principles, etc
Strengthening the Standing Office for NTP-RCC Advise on functionality of
coordination mechanisms for NTP-RCC activities across sector ministries and
administrative levels
Contribute to the planning of implementation of the NTP, e.g. through preparation of
supporting regulations, guidelines and circulars including detailed work plans and
budget for MONRE and other key ministries in the implementation of NTP-RCC
Support the scenarios for climate change
Support the CC impact studies
Support the CC sector/locations solutions studies
.














Support identification of possible pilot projects, ensuring focus on most vulnerable
groups and locations
Support organisational set-up in relation to decentralisation, and especially how to
strengthen coordination and implementation capacities at provincial and subprovincial levels
Incorporation of climate change adaptation into Strategic Environmental Analysis
Strategic planning capabilities and strengthening of the institutional structure through
which GoV operates, including the importance of targeting towards the poor.
Monitoring and evaluation, including strengthening reporting capabilities.
Mainstreaming of cross cutting issues: environment, gender, GoVernance and
HIV/AIDS
Support liaison with pilot provincial authorities (DONRE’s) on implementation of the
NTP-RCC at provincial level and the associated need for initial TA for preparation
/implementation
Support assessment of TOR for the activities in pilot provinces
Support preparation of work plans to ensure the activities are coordinated and
conducted in accord with provincial requirements; identify the need and develop TOR
as appropriate for additional studies in pilot provinces and/or at the national level
Assist the standing office of NTP-RCC in drafting ToR and in undertaking QA for
short-term consultancy inputs
Assist in refining and adjusting job descriptions for provincial advisers
Review evaluation studies and facilitate discussions within MONRE/the standing
office of NTP-RCC on issues arising from the evaluation studies in the pilot
provinces; facilitate discussions with other relevant ministries
Contribute to review(s) of the NTP-RCC
Assist with mainstreaming cross cutting issues: environment, gender, GoVernance
and HIV/AIDS
Qualifications:
 Relevant tertiary qualifications in economics, public administration, physical
planning, engineering or related discipline.
 Extensive experience with planning and management of environmental and/or
physical planning programmes in developing countries. Experience of
mainstreaming cross cutting issues (environment, gender, GoVernance,
HIV/AIDS). Experience from Vietnam would be an added advantage.
 Good communication and computer skills.
 Fluent in spoken and written English.
Reporting:
The Senior Adviser will be contracted by Danida and report to the head of the Standing
Office of the NTP-RCC. The Adviser will support GoV in its efforts to cooperate with
other donor representatives to ensure the availability of information on progress in the
implementation of NTP-RCC. The advisor may be called by the Policy Dialogue
Committee to present his/hers views.
.
Support Facilities
The standing office of NTP-RCC will provide office space and facilities such as office
utilities including telephone, photocopier, printer and fax machine and consumables. A
translator for the advisor will be hired and the cost is included in the budget for the
advisor and it will be provided from the Embassy of Denmark. The advisor budget also
includes accommodation/living allowance and travel.
Duty Station:
Hanoi – with occasional travel to Quang Nam, Ben Tre.
Period:
From 2. quarter 2009 and for two years.
.
2.
Draft Terms of Reference International advisers to the
Provincial People’s Committees, Quang Nam and Ben Tre
Background
As part of the Danida support to the provincial implementation of Vietnam’s ‘National
Target Program in coping with climate change’ an international Adviser will be placed at
the provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), one in each
of the two provinces supported by Denmark. It is assumed that a provincial Standing
Office, hosted by DONRE, will be formed to coordinate the implementation of the NTPRCC at provincial level. The Adviser will assist the Standing Office in carrying out its
functions.
The Adviser will work in accordance with the approaches, principles and objectives
outlined in the Programme Document and the NTP-RCC document.
The scope of work will be agreed with DONRE, in due time before recruiting the advisor,
once the NTP-RCC is in place. However, it is assumed that main issues relating to the
Adviser’s work will include:
 Strengthening the institutional framework for implementation of the NTP at
provincial level
 Preparation and implementation of provincial climate change adaptation plan
 Mapping of climate change vulnerability
 Investment in provincial climate change adaptation interventions
 Integration of climate change adaptation into land use planning and other sectoral
planning
 Decentralisation and community involvement, and especially how to strengthen
coordination and implementation capacities at provincial and sub-provincial levels
 Monitoring and evaluation, including strengthening reporting capabilities.
 Mainstreaming of cross cutting issues: environment, gender, GoVernance and
HIV/AIDS
In his/her work, the adviser shall act as professional adviser, leaving implementation
responsibility to the national counterparts in DONRE, DARD, DOH and other provincial
units. The adviser should be aware of the limited duration of the assignment and work
towards building capacity in the implementing agencies rather than acting as gap-filler or
implementer.
Scope of Work
The adviser will:
 Review all relevant documentation concerning the preparation and
implementation of the NTP
 Develop an understanding of the environmental planning sector and current
cooperation and implementation mechanisms in his/her assigned province
.








Help prepare work programs for NTP-RCC implementation covering their
assigned province
Promote cooperation with the Danish-supported environment sector programme
and exploit potential for synergies, where possible
Support identification of opportunities for strengthening approaches to sound land
use planning and implementation in accord with the principles and strategies of
the NTP-RCC
Assist in drafting ToR for local and international TA for specialized services on
prefeasibility and feasibility assessment, design, construction, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of prioritized provincial CCA interventions.
Assist in identifying and managing local and international consultants.
Work with provincial, district and commune agencies/groups to develop, test and
introduce improved approaches to land use planning that integrate climate change
considerations; to concrete interventions and investments; and conduct training as
appropriate. This might include but is not limited to:
 vulnerability assessment of land, natural resources, other assets and the
population, to climate change
 development and testing of simple climate change adaptation indicators at
provincial level and below
 development of provincial climate change awareness campaigns
 promoting bigger emphasis on operation and maintenance of systems and
investments.
Collate and make available the result of this work, in the form of best practices
and methodologies, with a view to ultimate dissemination to all provinces.
Assist with mainstreaming cross cutting issues: environment, gender, GoVernance
and HIV/AIDS
Qualifications
 Tertiary qualifications in public administration, physical planning, engineering, or
related discipline
 Extensive experience of with planning and management of environmental and/or
physical planning programmes in developing countries. Experience of
mainstreaming cross cutting issues (environment, gender, GoVernance,
HIV/AIDS). Experience in Vietnam would be an added advantage.
 Good communication and computer skills.
 Experience in skills transfer and capacity building.
 Fluent in spoken and written English.
Reporting:
The Adviser will be contracted by Danida and report to the Director of DONRE in his/her
assigned province.
Support Facilities
.
Office space will be provided in DONRE by the provincial Government. The standing
office of NTP-RCC will provide office space and facilities such as office utilities
including telephone, photocopier, printer and fax machine and consumables. A translator
for the advisor will be hired and the cost is included in the budget for the advisor and it
will be provided from the Embassy of Denmark. The advisor budget also includes
accommodation/living allowance and travel.
Duty Station:
Quang Nam / Ben Tre province.
Period:
From 1 January 2010 and for 2½ years.
.
ANNEX D:
MAP OF QUANG NAM AND BEN TRE PROVINCES
Overview map of location of provinces:
.
Quang Nam:
Ben Tre:
.